734 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



height not a wliit less than that of the pnre Scandinavians in ISTorway 

 and Sweden is proved. It lessens toward the north in contact with 

 the Lapps, most stunted of men at an average of only five feet for 

 adult males. It decreases on the east among the Karelian Einns, fall- 

 ing rapidly to the Russian average. Bear in mind that in no other part 

 of northern Europe, save in Scandinavia, just across the Baltic Sea, 

 is an average stature anywhere near that of the Finns to be found; 

 that a cross with the Swedes in consequence is inadequate as an ex- 

 planation for this tallness; that wherever there is contact with the 

 Slav, precisely as in Austria-Hungary, where, as we have seen, an 

 ethnic trait ran up against Slavdom, the bodily height falls to 

 mediocrity; and draw the onh' inference possible both from geog- 

 raphy and physical anthropology. We shall deal with the philolo- 

 gists later. The Finn and the Scandinavian are at bottom of the 

 same race. 



Summarizing our results thus far, we find two physical types 

 more or less clearly coexisting in the Russian people, and throughout 

 all the Slavs, too, for that matter. One is tall, blondish, and long- 

 headed; the other is brachycej^halic, darker-complexioned, and of 

 medium height. The relative proportions of each vary greatly from 

 one region to another. Among Lithuanians and Poles, the former 

 is more noticeable; in the Ukraine the other type becomes more 

 frequent; the Great Russians stand between the two; while among 

 the southern Slavs the blond, long-headed variety entirely disap- 

 pears. ]Srot only do the relative proportions of these component types 

 vary from one region to another. Distinct differences in the several 

 social strata of the same locality appear. The tall dolichocephalic 

 blondes are more characteristic of the upper classes as a rule, so far as 

 the matter has been examined.* Our results for western Europe are 

 entirely harmonious with this tendency. And, thirdly, it is curious to 

 note that the relative proportions of these two ethnic types have 

 changed entirely since prehistoric times. This point is of so great 

 significance that we must examine it a bit more in detail. 



IN'owhero else in Europe is the complete submergence of an old 

 race by an intrusive one more 'clear than in the Slavic portion of 

 Europe. Bogdanof, founder of Russian archoeology, devoted his en- 

 tire life to proof of this fact in his own country, f The first indica- 

 tions of this submerged aboriginal population were given by crania 



* Olechnowiez, 1893, 1894, and 1897, has obtained some highly interesting results 

 among the "petite noblesse" in Poland. Talko-Hryncewicz, 189Y, confirms it, in Bull. 

 Acad. Science, Cracow. 



f The facts yielded by his first investigation in 186Y have been confirmed by every 

 observation since. AVe are fortunate in that a complete summary of his life work was 

 given by himself at the International Congress of Anthropology at Moscow in 1892. Titles 

 of all his monographs will be found in oui- bibliography above mentioned. 



