THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 737 



limits of Slavdom, and found to underlie it tliroughout. Two ex- 

 planations were suggested for this widespread phenomenon. Bog- 

 danof and a few others asserted that civilization implied an 

 increased broad-headedness, that a morphological change had taken 

 place in the same people, while the majority of anthropologists 

 found in it proof of an entire change of race since the ear- 

 liest times. The first explanation, even granting that the brachy- 

 cephalic races as a rule are endowed with a greater cranial capacity 

 than the long-headed ones, could hardly be accorded a warm recep- 

 tion in any of the Anglo-Saxon countries like our own. To relegate 

 long-headedness to an inferior cultural position would result not only 

 in damning the entire Teutonic race, but that one also which pro- 

 duced the early Semitic, Greek, and Roman civilizations. ]^o ex- 

 planation for the recency of broad-headedness in the Slavic countries 

 is, then, tenable for a moment, save that the brachycephalic con- 

 tingent is a newcomer in the land. 



Which of these two ethnic elements which have contended 

 so long for mastery among the people of this part of Europe 

 represents the primitive Slavic type? It is a delicate matter, by no 

 means free from national prejudice. The Germans have always 

 looked down upon their eastern neighbors, by reason of their back- 

 wardness in culture. Our ignoble word " slave " is a product of this 

 disdain in Europe of the Slav.* To find the primitive Slavic type, 

 therefore, in that variety, which accords so completely with our pat- 

 tern of the Teutonic race, is disheartening to the Germans as for the 

 Slavs themselves; it runs counter to their distrust of modern aggres- 

 sive Teutonism. Even science is not free to violate the provisions of 

 the Triple Alliance with impunity. 



The most generally accepted theory among anthropologists as to 

 the physcal relationship of the Slavs is that they were always, as the 

 majority of them are to-day, of the same stock as the broad-headed 

 Alpine (Celtic) race. This latter occupies, as we have seen, all the 

 central part of western Europe. It predominates among the north 

 Italians, the French in Auvergne and Savoy, and the Swiss. It pre- 

 vails in the Tyrol and all across southern Germany, in Alsace-Lor- 

 raine, Wiirtemberg, and Bavaria. The Erench anthropologists, espe- 

 cially Topinard, have emphasized the direct similarity in head form 

 which exists between all these people and the Slavs. The name Celto- 

 Slavic has been applied to this broad-headed race by virtue of this fact. 

 It was a logical deduction from the first discovery of broad-headedness 

 among the Slavs by A. Retzius, von Baer, and Weisbach. The main 

 objection to it came from the philologists, who found the Slavic 



* Consult Canon Taylor, Words and Places, p. 303, and Leroy-Beaulieu, 1893-'96, i, 

 p. 97, on this. 



VOL. LIII. — 50 



