738 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



languages much nearer the Teutonic tlian the Celtic branch. This 

 Celto-Slavic theory, affirmed bv the French anthropologists, mainly 

 on the ground of similarity of head form, is generally sustained by 

 the Germans on the basis of their investigations of relative brunette- 

 ness among school children.* These have all tended to show that the 

 Slavonized portions of Germany and Austria were darker than the 

 'purely Teutonic ones. 



The native anthropologists are divided in theory as to the type of 

 their Slavic ancestors. No one pretends to question the facts in the 

 case; the divergence of opinion is merely as to which stratum of 

 population, which region, or which social class of the two we have 

 •described, is entitled to claim the honored title. Thus Anutchin,"!- 

 Tarenetsky, :{: Talko-Hryncewicz,* Olechnowicz, [| Kopernicky,'^ 

 Pic,0 Ikof,l and Janczuk^ identify the modern broad-headed popu- 

 lation as a Slavic invader of originally Finnic territory; while Bog- 

 danof,4 Zograf,** and especially jSriederle,ff represent the claims 

 of the extinct Kurgan people to the honored name of Slav. Leroy- 

 Beaulieu seems to represent a popular tendency in favor of this latter 

 view. %X For our own part, we rather incline to agree mth Matiegka 

 that it is a question which the craniologists are not competent to 

 settle.*** That the Alpine (Celtic) racial type of western Europe is 

 the best claimant for the honor seems to us to be the most logical in- 

 ference, especially in the light of studies of the living aborigines of 

 Russia, to which we must now turn. 



Three ethnic elements are generally recognized as component 

 parts of the Russian people — the Slav, the Finn, and the Mongol- 

 Tatar. The last two lie linguistically outside the family of related 

 peoples which we call Aryans, the only other non- Aryan language 

 in Europe being the Basque. 1 1 1 1 In any classification of them, accord- 

 ing to their physical characteristics, we must, however, set aside all 

 the evidences of language as untrustworthy. To admit them as a 

 basis of classification would involve us at once in inextricable con- 

 fusion. "^"^ These tribes have all been more or less nomadic for ages 



* Vide our article on Germany in Popular Science Monthly, vol. Hi, November, 189*7, p. 

 67. Kollmann, 1882 b, and Ranke, 1886-'8Y, vol. ii, p. 267, dissent from it. Cf. Rhamm 

 in Globus, vol. Ixxi, No. 20. 



f 1892, pp. 279-281. % 1884, pp. 63-65. # 1893, p. 171. 



II 1893, p. 37 ; 1895, p. 70. ^ Kohn and Mehlis, vol. ii, pp. 114, 153, and 164. 



Athenfeum, Prague, vol. viii, p. 193. % 1890, col. 103. 



X 1890 a, col. 202. % 1892, pp. 10 and 13. ** 1896, p. 63. 



ff 1891 a, 1892 a, and especially in his positively brilliant 1896 a, pp. 50 et seq. Consult 

 his answer to criticisms, 1891 b, and in Globus, vol. Ixxi, No. 24 also. His bibliography of 

 the subject is superb. XX 1893-'96, vol. i, pp. 96 and 108. #* 1891, p. 152. 



nil Vide Popular Science Monthly, vol. Ii, September, 1897, p. 613. 



^^-^ The errors of such a classification are well exemplified in Leroy-Beaulieu's otherwise 

 excellent work, in which his aborigines are utterly confused in i-elationship. Rittich in all 



