PSYCHICAL ASPECTS OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE. 793 



West Indian sierras, and could be made to serve a sanitary purpose in 

 the valles ventosos, or wind gaps of the Cuban coast range, where the 

 eastern trade wind pours as through a funnel, all the day long, for at 

 least eight months out of twelve. The half -wild cattle of the uplands 

 wander miles to seek the air currents of these glens in midsummer, 

 and can be seen standing motionless, facing due east, like orthodox 

 Mussulmans, to enjoy the blessing of refrigeration, while the air of 

 the grassy table-lands round about trembles under the rays of a ver- 

 tical sun. 



On the crest of the Sierra Maestra, at an elevation of nearly 

 eight thousand feet above tide-water, winter winds become chilly 

 enough to discourage permanent settlements, though herders camp 

 there at a safe distance from the showers of the rainy season; but 

 more grievous than any kind of air in motion are the ahogassos, 

 or spells of stifling calms, which in early summer often continue for 

 days togetlier. The afternoon heat becomes insupportable on such 

 days, at least to foreigners, who crowd the verandas of the seaport 

 hotels, plying their fans with desperate energy, while the indolent 

 Creoles hang in their hammocks, trying to counteract the feeling of 

 discomfort with nicotine fumes. 



SOME PSYCHICAL ASPECTS OF MUSCULAE EXERCISE. 



By LUTHER GULICK, M. D. 



I IN" the studies that have been made in physical training in this 

 country, the standpoint taken has been almost exclusively physi- 

 ological. It is my conviction that, while physiological considera- 

 tions must have a prominent place, psychical considerations will 

 prove more definite, tangible, and important guides as to the nature 

 of the physical training that should be given to children. 



The subject under discussion is rather a new one. I have chosen, 

 therefore, to treat one division of it at greater length than the others. 

 A complete statement of any one of the six heads of my paper 

 would involve extended investigations that have not yet been made. 

 All that I hope to do now, even upon the one subject to which I 

 shall give most space, is to indicate the importance of the problems, 

 the directions in which solutions may be sought, their relations to 

 physical education of children, and the kinds of material that will 

 give us the larger notion of physical education. I shall leave till 

 the last the discussion of the play instinct to which your chief atten- 

 tion is called. 



1. What is the nature of muscular force? What relation does 



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