8o8 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



of colonies, finding in colonial history facts wliicli have no answering 

 stages in the history of the parent state, will point out the lacunae 

 and predict that, when that history has been more closely studied, 

 corresponding facts will be found. Only the surface of history has 

 been scratched. Within the last thirty years the early constitutional 

 history of France and Germany has been rewritten by Waitz, Roth, 

 and Sohm. Yet the documents possessed by these scholars were, 

 most of them, at the command of earlier scholars. It was the key 

 that was wanting, the point of view that was false. So may colonial 

 history (or may we call it coloniology?) furnish new means of read- 

 ing the past. 



It is necessarily only of the mother country that the colony re- 

 peats the development. The Phoenician, Greek, and Roman, the 

 Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch colonies are rad- 

 ically unlike one another in their origin and growth. Where they 

 resemble they are but repeating the story of universal humanity. 

 There have been agrarian agitations in ITew York and Australia, and 

 Gracchi in Jiew Zealand, but they do not reduplicate those of Rome. 

 ISTor were the tribunes of New Amsterdam Roman tribunes. 



It is, finally, in perfect consistency with the analogy that the 

 colony should often outstrip the parent state. While still dependent, 

 it may develop institutions in advance of any to be found in the 

 mother country, and after emancipation it may be a social organism 

 of a higher type. The Australasian colonies have far surpassed Great 

 Britain in the liberal character of their legislation, and in the United 

 States the feeling of equality between man and man has gained a 

 vigor never likely to be attained in the countries which contributed 

 to the colonization of North America. 



Sergeant Charles Floyd, one of " the nine young men from Ken- 

 tucky," of Lewis and Clark's expedition, who seems to have been a very 

 useful member of the company, died rather suddenly while the expeditiou 

 was on its way, on the banks of the Missouri River, August 20, 1804, and 

 was buried on a high bluff about a mile above the place of his death, which 

 was named after him ; while the stream next above was called Floyd's 

 River and the opposite bluff was named Sergeant's BluflF. Floyd's Bluff is 

 now included within the limits of Sioux City, Iowa, but has been much 

 changed by the wash of the river. In 1857 the grave had become so ex- 

 posed that the remains were removed to another part of the hill. The 

 Floyd Memorial Association was organized in 1895 for the erection of a 

 monument to the deceased sergeant, whose name has become identified 

 with the history of the city, and to establish and maintain a public park at 

 the place where he is buried ; and final memorial services were held at the 

 grave on the anniversaiy of his death in 1895, with several memorial ad- 

 dresses and a historical address by Dr. Elliott Coues, under whose direction 

 a full account of the proceedings has been published. 



