SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 



851 



spiritualizing tendency, and that the analytic 

 stage of mind holds itself back determinedly 

 from thinking the totality. In more meta- 

 physical language, we are content with the 

 category of otherness. In somewhat fatalistic 

 fashion he predicts for us : " Renounce tele- 

 ology and you find nothing but teleology in 

 everything. Renounce introspection, and 

 you are to find introspection the fundamental 

 moving principle of all Nature." It is, how- 

 ever, just to say that the book is a strong, 

 consistent exposition of the a priori philoso- 

 phy and its applications, and has the saving 

 grace of compelling its opponents to examine 

 the ground whereon they stand. 



The author of the Story of Photography * 

 has high hopes for the future of photography 

 and its capacity for continued development 

 and production, and writes with the enthu- 

 siasm which they inspire within him. He 

 specially seeks to present the subject in the 

 light of a fine art and as a source of SDsthetic 

 and refined enjoyment — " not so much with 

 the object of producing a manual to teach 

 photography as an art, but, while giving due 

 weight to that side of the subject, to present 

 it in its most scientific aspects." The order 

 of arrangement of the topics is largely his- 

 torical. Jn the detail of " the first steps 

 toward photography," the earliest hints per- 

 ceived by experimenters of the power of the 

 sun to produce pictures are recorded. Then 

 the steps are followed by which the art be- 

 came real, and its development, with accounts 

 of modern processes and inventions — printing 

 presses, color photography, the Telegraph 

 and Photography, and Photography and 

 Art, of which the author says in conclusion 

 that the one who takes up the combined sci- 

 ence and art with the motto " All that there 

 is in it or nothing," " will find but Uttle cause 

 to complain of the limitations, in view of 

 the almost boundless possibilities of photog- 

 raphy." 



In La Culture dcs Mers en Europe \ (The 

 Cultivation of the Seas in Europe), by Georges 

 Roche, inspector general of maritime tish- 



*Tlie Story of Photography. By Alfred T. 

 Story. New York : D. Appleton and Company 

 (Library of Useful Stories). Pp. 165. Price, 40 

 cents. 



t La Culture dee Mers en Europe. Piecifac- 

 ture, Pisciculture, Ostreiculture. By Georges 

 Boche. Poiis: Felix Alcan. 



eries, the several branches of the propaga- 

 tion of fishes and oysters and the development 

 of fisheries are treated, under the heads of 

 piscifacture, or propagation, pisciculture, and 

 ostreiculture. While not assuming to write 

 a work on aquiculture, as he calls it, the au- 

 thor endeavors to instruct his readers con- 

 cerning the working of maritime industries 

 and the technics of the methods of fish and 

 oyster culture. He first explains the mod- 

 ern methods of fishing and their results as 

 applied to the European seas ; then the 

 methods of propagation and cultivation prac- 

 ticed in different countries and experiments 

 in the reproduction of lobsters and crabs ; 

 the development of oyster culture in France 

 since the natural supply became insufficient ; 

 and, in the last chapter, the cultivation of 

 sponges. 



The third volume of the Illustrated Flora 

 of the Northern United States, Canada, avd 

 the British Possessions * completes a work of 

 the very highest value to American students. 

 The number of species figured in the whole 

 work is 4,162, comprising 177 families and 

 1,103 genera. Eighty-one of these species, 

 being new determinations or new discoveries 

 made while the book was going through the 

 press, and too late for insertion in their proper 

 places, are figured in the appendix. A con- 

 servative course has been pursued as to the 

 admission of new species, and only those are 

 inserted that have passed the test of con- 

 tinuous observation. It has nevertheless 

 been thought better to err in the direction 

 of illustrating too many forms rather than 

 in giving too few. A general key of the 

 orders and families is placed at the beginning 

 of the volume, preceded by a table of abbre- 

 viations of the names of the botanical authors 

 cited. A glossary of the botanical terms 

 used is added. The orders are not described 

 in the work itself, but their principal dis- 

 tinguishing characters are given in the key. 

 The authors are sturdy advocates of the 



* An Illuptrated Flora of the United States, 

 Canada, and the British Possest^ious ; from New- 

 foundland to the Parallel of the Southern Bound- 

 ary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean 

 westward to the One Hundred and Second Merid- 

 ian. By Nathaniel Lord Britton and the Hon. 

 Addi on Brown. In three volumca. Vol. Ill, 

 Apocynacese to Compositie— Dogbane to Thistle. 

 New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. Pj). 588. 

 Price, g3 net. 



