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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



ing beer and lying about idle on the rocks. 

 The wooden pillows are the same as the an- 

 cient Egyptian pillows. The favorite game 

 of the country, called Tsufuba, is closely akin 

 to a game played in India. The common 

 drink, a millet beer, is called doora, as in 

 Abyssinia, and is the same as an ancient 

 Egyptian and Asiatic drink. The so-called 

 Mashona piano, consisting of over twenty 

 iron notes fixed to a scale on a square piece 

 of wood and played on a calabash to bring 

 out the sound, has its parallel to-day in Nu- 

 bia and Lower Egypt. The Makalangas are 

 decidedly a musical race, and easily pick up 

 tunes to play on this instrument. Every 

 chief has his private musician, who plays at 

 all the public entertainments and dances. As 

 to type of countenance, the Makalanga is far 

 the most refined of any of the Kaffir races 

 Mr. Bent has seen. 



The First Transatlantic Steamer. — A 



publication of curious interest is that of the 

 Log of the Savannah, the first steamship that 

 crossed the ocean, which J. Elfreth Watkins 

 has contributed to the report of the United 

 States National Museum. The Savannah 

 was built for a sailing vessel, but attracted 

 the attention, while upon the stocks, of Cap- 

 tain Moses Rogers, who had been associated 

 with Fulton and Stevens in commanding 

 several of tbe early steamboats. At his in- 

 stance it was fitted up with engines by a 

 business firm in Savannah, who wished to 

 give that city the credit of starting the first 

 transatlantic steamship line. Her first voy- 

 age was made from New York to Savannah, 

 and on the second day occurs the entry : 

 " Got steam up and it came on to blow fresh ; 

 we took the wheels in on deck in thirty min- 

 utes." This taking in the wheels during a 

 storm through fear of having them washed 

 away or damaged is not mentioned in con- 

 nection with any other vessel. The ship 

 reached Savannah in eight days and fifteen 

 hours from Sandy Hook. After a voyage to 

 Charleston and return, the vessel was visited 

 by President Monroe, who was greatly pleased 

 with it, and wished it to go to Washington 

 after its Atlantic voyages, to be examined 

 and possibly purchased for the Government 

 service. The voyage to Liverpool began May 

 22, 1819. On the 24th, at 5 A. m., the Sa- 

 vannah " got under way of Tybee light, and 



put to sea with steam and sails. At 6 a. m. 

 left the pilot. At 8 a. m. took off the wheels 

 in twenty minutes." This was to insure the 

 wheels getting safely to Liverpool. The Sa- 

 vannah reached Liverpool, steaming up the 

 Mersey, in twenty-nine days eleven hours 

 from Savannah, having run eighty hours 

 under steam. Marwade's English Commer- 

 cial Report described her steaming, "with- 

 out the assistance of a single sheet," as being 

 in a style " which displayed the power and 

 advantage of the application of steam to 

 vessels of the largest size." Vessels which 

 saw her steaming on the passage took her to 

 be on fire. The Savannah visited Stockholm, 

 St. Petersburg, and Copenhagen; and re- 

 turning home, reached Savannah on Novem- 

 ber 30th, the fortieth day after leaving Aren- 

 dale, Norway, not using steam till she got in- 

 side of the bar. She visited Washington in 

 December. Her owners became embarrassed 

 in consequence of the great fire in Savannah 

 in 1820, and were obliged to sell her. She 

 was stripped of her machinery, and served 

 as a sailing packet till 1822, when she ran 

 ashore on Long Island and went to pieces. 



The Two Schools of Psychology.— At the 



second session of the International Congress 

 of Experimental Physiology, held in London 

 in August, the president, Prof. H. Sidgwick, 

 spoke of the subsidence of the antagonism 

 that prevailed a few years ago between one- 

 sided extreme views on the neurological side 

 and the psychological side respectively. On 

 the one hand, the crude materialism or posi- 

 tivism which pushed contemptuously aside 

 all results of introspective observation had 

 now mostly given way before the general 

 recognition that psychical processes are ob- 

 jects of experience, altogether distinct from 

 the nervous processes which invariably ac- 

 company them; and, though we might re- 

 gard them as " two faces of the same fact," 

 they must admit that they were " incapable 

 of seeing, or even imagining," how the two 

 were connected ; and that, in order to know 

 what could be known of the double fact, 

 they must give systematic and careful atten- 

 tion to both its sides. On the other hand, 

 the attempt of some students of mind to 

 mark off a department of mental phenomena 

 elevated above the condition of being accom- 

 panied by nervous change, was now, he 



