STRUCTURE, ACTION, AND THOUGHT. 757 



niore easy to discuss the actors in the scene by the names of 

 Adam and Eve, than by the terms " male " and " female frugivo- 

 rous animal." 



Let us take then the story from Genesis. One day Eve went 

 into the garden of Eden — saw an apple upon a tree — plucked it, 

 ate it, and then went to get another for Adam. In trying to 

 analyze the muscles concerned in these acts, the easiest way is to 

 go to your bedroom, strip off your clothes, imitate Eve's action, 

 and as you do so, feel out the individual muscles as they contract 

 under the skin. This plan of learning the muscles is one which I 

 used to follow as a student of anatomy, and I found it a very use- 

 ful one indeed. If you do this you will find the muscles of the 

 neck, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand contracting successively 

 or together in co-ordinated movements, which are beautifully 

 adapted to the purposes just mentioned. We might take the 

 muscles which produce these movements one by one, but I think 

 it is easier for the purpose of grouping them, though not so good 

 for the purpose of study in your own room, to consider first of all 

 the motor centers in the brain from which the stimuli proceed. 

 Before proceeding to consider these I wish to draw your attention 

 to the errors into which one may fall regarding the action of mus- 

 cles as well as of the motions of the planets by regarding thern 

 from a wrong point of view. Thus, the action of the tensor 

 vaginae femoris is usually said to be that of rotating the thigh in- 

 ward upon the body 

 and thus turning the 

 foot and toes inward 

 also, an action which 

 is denounced in all 

 calisthenic exercises. 

 But this muscle was 

 not introduced into 

 the body for the sole 

 purpose of plaguing 

 drill sergeants and 

 dancing masters. As 

 the late Prof. Shar- 

 pey used to point out, 



We OUgllt LO IOOK at Fi<j. 10. — View of a Lobe of the Cerebkum from the Lonoi- 

 its action from the tudinal Fissure. (After Horsley and Schiif'er.) 



leg as a fixed point, 



and then we discover its true uses at once. Place your hand at 

 the side of the hip over the muscle and march forward. You will 

 then find that when one foot is planted firmly on the ground the 

 corresponding muscle becomes tense whenever you lift the other 

 leg and try to advance it. Whenever the other foot is raised the 



