RECENT APPLICATIONS OF PAPER. 207 



for human flesh, had been fully acquired, after which it would 

 continue its hold upon them, even if the need of it was slight. 



The Indians of the Northwest have been known to eat their 

 enemies slain in battle, yet the practice never extended to the con- 

 sumption of the entire body, down to the particular habit of 

 cracking the bones to get the marrow. 



RECENT APPLICATIONS OF PAPER. 



Bt M. EMMANUEL EATOIN. 



THE year 1891 was certainly one of those in which new in- 

 dustrial applications of paper were most numerous. The 

 idea of using paper in place of stone in the construction of houses 

 is already old ; but paper to take the place of glass in windows, of 

 clay in flower-pots, of iron in railway rails, wagon-wheels, and 

 horseshoes, of porcelain in laboratory ware, of wood in barrels, 

 it having already taken the place of that material in small boats, 

 paper in pulleys, are applications as novel as bold. The manufac- 

 ture of window-panes of paper was first tried in the United States. 

 The panes have the appearance of milky glass, and the property 

 of intercepting the light-rays while letting the heat-rays through, 

 which makes them suitable for greenhouses. It is estimated that 

 a paper window-pane ninety-four by sixty-three centimetres in 

 dimensions in a wooden sash with iron appliances, will cost about 

 eighty-five cents, and last on the average four years. 



One of the most ingenious of the new applications of paper is in 

 pulleys. These pulleys, the invention of M. Burot, have a center of 

 cast iron and spokes of iron, bearing a bracing on which the paper 

 felloe rests. This bracing supports the felloe during its manu- 

 facture, and thus gives it more firmness. The paper, of a special 

 quality, is glued, rolled, and compressed upon the bracing in a 

 single operation. The crown should then be dried and dipped in 

 a mixture of linseed oil and resin. These pulleys, much lighter 

 than those of iron, are also appreciably cheaper. They are used 

 for the transmission of forces of from a half horse power to 

 four horse powers. 



Paper flower-pots have the advantage over earthen pots of 

 being unbreakable and much lighter. If their net cost were con- 

 siderably less than that of the earthen pots, they might replace 

 them in the immense use made of them by gardeners and forest 

 cultivators. They are imputrescible, impermeable, and shed the 

 water. Like similar articles in terra cotta, they are adapted to 

 ornamentation. Covered with a coat of enamel, or painted, they 

 have the advantage over ornamental earthen pots of lending 



