MILKER FISHERIES OF THE GREAT LAKES. 9 



iag-shanties along the beach, on the east shore of the lake, attests the 

 impracticability of gill-net fishing from a lee shore. 



In this extent of shore there is no spawning-ground known for either 

 the trout or the white-fish, though the fishing is not carried on sufficiently 

 late in the season to find the species named upon their spawning beds. 



From Kenosha to Sheboygan are some thirty boats, working the 

 " large gill-net rigs," having from five to six gangs to the boat, and 

 from twenty to thirty nets to the gang, making the string of nets a 

 mile or more in length, and requiring a crew of five men. They run 

 out from shore from eight to twenty miles, according to the range of 

 the white-fish and trout at different seasons. The boats used in this 

 region are principally what are called the " square stern." 



At Kenosha five of the boats are " ]S"orwegiaus," and one a steamer, 

 remodeled from a large " Huron boat." 



At Milwaukee, for a time, the most of the boats were the sloop-rigged 

 " Norwegians," afterwards abandoned, and the square stern adopted ; 

 and during the past year small steamers were substituted for some of 

 these. 



On this line of coast, and farther north, where steamers land daily, 

 the bulk of the catch is shipped fresh, in ice-boxes, to the Chicago 

 dealers. 



In the northern half of this extent of shore there are some twenty- 

 four pound-nets, for the most part packing their fish, as the steamers 

 do not land at the points where they are located. 



The catch throughout this region is almost wholly white-fish and 

 trout, the gill-nets in the spring and fall taking a quantity of "law- 

 yers,"iyoto maculosa, that are thrown away as useless, except where 

 a small local demand is supplied in the towns. The spawning- grounds 

 begin to the southward of Eaciue, Wis., and are found northward along 

 the whole extent of shore. 



At Two Elvers, and north to the islands, the boats are " Mackinaws," 

 working the lighter rigs of gill-nets, with from eight to twenty nets to 

 the gang, and three or four gangs to the boat, with a crew of from two 

 to three men, and running out from shore seldom more than seven or 

 eight miles. 



This is the character of the fishing with gill-nets — after excepting 

 the Door Islands, where a few steamers and large sail-b(iats are used — 

 for Green Bay and its islands, the north shore, the Beaver, Fox, and 

 Manitou groups of islands, and the east shore of the lake, as far south 

 as Manistee. The gill-net catch, throughout this line of coast, is little 

 else than white-fish and trout, except in Grand Traverse Bay, where the 

 black-fin, Goregomis nigripinnis Gill, (Mss.) is found abundant. 



At Point aux Barques and Seul Choix Point, a large type of the 

 Coregonus albi(s is taken, feeding principally on the Mysida. Fishes of 

 eight, ten, and twelve pounds are common in every lift, while as high 



