SUCKLEY MONOGEAPH OF THE GENUS SALMO. 109 



the hind part of the net being lifted a little above the surface. Tbe 

 canoes are propelled gently along, and when salmon are felt the net is 

 raised like a dip-net, and thus the fish are captured. They occasionally 

 in this way will capture fifty salmon at one "lift." 



9. SALMO CONFLUENTUS, Suckley. 



TOWALT SALMON. 



Typical specimen in Smithsonian collection Fishes, ISTo. 1135. 



Syn. — SaJmo confiuentus, Suckley, Ann. N. Y. Lye, December, 1858 ; Ibid, P. R, 

 E. Eep., voL xii., pt. 2, 1839. 

 Towalt of the Nisquallies. 



Sp. Ch. — 2Iale. — Form, stout; dorsal outline rising to a point just 

 anterior to dorsal fin, then rapidly tapering to tail; dorsal, adipose, and 

 caudal fins profusely spotted ; caudal broad and moderately lunated ; 

 adipose opposite anal, and much elongated ; spots along the back and 

 sides, generally linear, or V-shaiDed; others irregular, (but few round,) 

 covering from two to five scales; the most common cover three scales, 

 and are about half an inch in length; fins on under parts unspotted, as 

 also all parts beneath the lateral line. A triangular bare projection of 

 the chin, anterior to the front teeth, as in the S. quiiinat, but smaller; 

 scales scarcely as large . as those of S. truncafus. Teeth of irregular 

 size, and not so closely disposed on the arms of the jaws and labials as 

 in S. gahfhicri; middle of dorsal fin nearly opposite a point at the middle 

 of the total length. Differs from S. quinnat in having the tail but mod- 

 erately lunated at the extremity, that of the latter being so deeply cut 

 out as to be almost forked ; in the number, shape, and size of its spots, 

 and in its smaller head. 



Young f (Characters drawn from a young tsaJi-lciDai, sent by Dr. 

 Kennerly from Chiloweyuk Lake, JSTo. 203 in the doctor's collection.) 

 Head contained 5J times in the total length. Tail handsomely forked. 

 Dorsal, adipose, and caudal spotted with oval black spots. Head spot- 

 ted with round spots of the same, each about li lines in diameter. 

 Br. 16 : P. 17 : D, 15 : Y. 11 : A. 16 : C. 20 : rows of scales just in front 

 of dorsal, 31 above lateral line; 42 below ; 145 upon it. 



Hab. — Xorthwest coast of America, entering the rivers for spawning 

 purposes during the spring, and continuing throughout the summer. 



A verj^ large salmon, known to the Indians of Puget Sound as the 

 tGicaJt or to-oh-odlt, is caught in Black Eiver, a fork of the Dwamisli. 

 It is said that this species is distinct from the satsup, (which we take to 

 be the quinnat,) but it is identical with the tsah-lcwai of Fraser Eiver. 



Mr. George Gibbs, while on Fraser River, speaks of the salmon known 

 to the natives there as the tsah-Jcivai. He says : " A few enter Fraser river 

 as early as March, bnt they are so few that they are not caught at the 

 fisheries before April. Mr. Gibbs mentions obtaining in the Haro 

 Straits, on the 12th of Marcli, 1859, one of these salmon. " Belly, silverj^- 

 "white; back, dark olive-green on the ridge; sides, lighter and with 



