STONE ON THE SACRAMENTO SALMON. 189 



Auswer. Yes. They ran up into fresh water to spawn, 

 (iuestiou 26. If auadromous, when are they first seen off the coast 

 when do they enter the mouths of the rivers, and what is the rate of 

 progression up stream ! 



Answer. See question 11, p. 186. 



Question 27. If anadromous, what is tlie length of their stay in fresh 

 water, and when do they return to the sea? 

 Answer. See question 11, p. 18G. 



Question 28. Do the different sexes or ages vary in this respect? 

 Answer. ]!^ot known. 



Question 29. Do these fish come on to the breeding-grounds before 

 they are mature 5 or do you find the one or two year old fish with the 

 oldest! 



Answer. Male grilse, small and large, are found on the breeding- 

 grounds, with the mature fish, but I have never seen a female grilse on 

 the spawning-grounds or anywhere dlse. 



Question 30. What are the favorite localities of these fish; say whether 

 in still water or currents; shallow or deep water ; on the sand; in grass ; 

 about rocks, &c. ? 



Answer. As a rule, I think the salmon keep in holes, and in deep 

 and sheltered places. When they are spawning, or getting ready to 

 spawn, they leave the holes and stay on the rapids. 



Question 31. What depth of water is preferred by these fish? 

 Answer. They pi-efer generally the deepest water the^' can find in the 

 rivers, except when spawning, and then they are seldom found in more 

 than four or five feet of water, and are satisfied with less than will cover 

 their dorsal fins. 



Question 32. What the favorite temperature and general character of 

 water ? 



Answer. In spawning they seek a temperature below 55^ F., and do 

 Dot avoid a temperature as low as 45^. The temperature of the lower 

 McCloud was 48° at sunrise and 53° at sunset, during the spawning-sea- 

 son. The mercury falls two or three degrees below these figures on the 

 spawning-grounds of the sources of the Little Sacramento. The water 

 in the McGloud and Little Sacramento is very clear, swift, and cold. 

 The water of the main Sacramento is always muddy. 



F. — Eelationships. 



Question 33. Do these fish go in schools after they have done spawn- 

 ing; or throughout the year; or are they scattered and solitary? 



Answer. The salmon always go in schools. Whenever they are found 

 solitary and scattered it is because there are too few to make a school. 



Question 34. Have thcY any special friends or enemies? 



Answer. The seals and sea-lions are very destructive to the salmon 

 in the salt whaler. Cuts and scars are often seenou the salmon, where 

 they have been bitten by seals. They eat the bodies and leave the 



