THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 519 



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every year mauy tliousands of young fish are supplied to' the lakes and 

 neighbgriug rirers. The first establishment was that of. Salzburg, 

 founded in 18G5., The governmeut at first granted it a considerable 

 annual subsidy, but for the last three years it ha-s been able to cover its 

 expenses, hy raising from 10,000 to 15,000- young fish, and sending 

 3,000,000 of fecundated e'ggs to the different provinces of Austria, to 

 Switzerland, Holland, and even to nUuiugen. 



At i)resent every province of the empii-e possesses its own piscicultu- 

 ral establishment. . . . - 



In upper Austria two' societies have been formed, one at Linz in 1870, 

 and the other at Ische in 18GG ; the former numbering 93 members,- and 

 the latter 29. ' . ■ 



In the province of Salzburg the society has the namo.of " Central In- 

 stitute of Artificial Pisciculture," and numbers 96' members. 



In Tyrol a society was formed in 1869, consisting of 9 members ; and 

 another at Tarbole in 1873, numbering 42 members. 



In Bohemia a society has been formed at N^chod, numbering 43 mem 

 bers. 



In the province of Bukowina a society is being organized under the 

 direction of 31. L. Licdes, and the minister of agriculture has just granted 

 him the sum of 800 florins. 



We must here also mention the piscicultural establishments of the 

 Princes Schwarzeuberg, who have sent a number of specimens to thei 

 Vienna Exposition ; the establishment of Baron Washington, the larg- 

 est pisciculturist of Austria, at Wildon near Graz ; and M. Pammer at 

 Graz, who furnishes tbe river Murr with fish. 



The Saliiburg establishment, the largest of all, has been founded on 

 the plan of the one at THiuingen. The hatching apparatus of the College 

 of France is used in a somewhat improved shape. Tiiese apparatus 

 hatch eveiy year 3,500,000 eggs. ♦• 



The establishment is located near the imperial castle at Salzburg, at 

 the foot of the Alps, only two and a half miles from the city. 



The basins to the number of fifteen are all fed by spring-water ; they 

 are partly covered so as to afford places of refuge for the young fish • 

 The spring is in the house of watchmen and in the very place wherg 

 the hatching takes place ; a large basin of this fresh water surrounds 

 the house, and in this. those fish are kept which are destined for repro- 

 duction. The other basins, in which there are fish of every age,- are com - 

 paratively small; that in which 20,000'young fish have been pTaced this 

 year is only 2^ meters long, (nearly 4 feet,) 1 meter 20 centimeters broad, 

 (about 3f feet,) and 35 centimeters (about li feet) deep. 



Two other basins are reserved, one foi* carp and the other for aquarium, 

 fish, which increase with an almost incredible rapidity, and being in 

 proportion to the size of the establishment, whose area is about 30,000 

 square meters. 



The food consists of white-fish and horse-flesh ; 'and at the expense of 

 about 2.J francs per day, 30,000 fish of all sizes are fed. 



