THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. b66 



The Abbe Spallanzani, au Italiau, in 1768, employed artificial fecun- 

 dation in his studies of the embryology of the frog, and Monro liusconi, 

 also an Italian, in 1824, artiticuilly fecundated and hatched the eggs of 

 a cyprinoid fisb, the tench {Tinea vulgaris) while prosecuting investiga- 

 tions in embryology. 



In 1837 John Shaw practiced the art with tlie salmon in the river 

 Mth of Scotland, and made use of his experience to extend the knowl- 

 edge relating to the growth and development of the young salaiou. 



Joseph Remy, a fisherman of the department of the Vosges, France, 

 discovered and applied, about 1842,* the methods of artificial fecunda- 

 tion on the trout. Afterward uniting with him Antoine Gehin, they 

 continued the work with ample success in the rivers of their region. It 

 was from the work of Remy and Gehin that the great impetus and ex- 

 tended efforts in fish-(;ulture had an origin, when it had been brought to 

 the notice of the world by the French scientists. 



The artificial i)ropagatiou of fishes is now extensively practiced in 

 Great Britain, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, 

 Russia, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Spain, in Canada 

 and in our own country, while India, Java, Australia, and Tasmania have 

 instituted investigations by fishery commissioners and have imported 

 valuable species of food-fishes. 



In the United States the first published record of an experiment in 

 artificial fecundation was made by the late Rev. John Bachman, D. D., 

 the naturalist, of Charleston, S. 0., who was associated with Audubon 

 in his work on the quadrupeds of North America.t 



In 1855 he read a paper before the State Agricultural Society, at 

 Columbia, S. C, describing his successes when a boy, in the year 1804, 

 in impregnating and hatching the ova of the corjjoral., probably the 

 Semotilus corporalis, (known in Pennsylvania as the fall fish,) and of the 

 trout, {Salmo fontinalis.) In his paper he states that the eggs of both 

 species were artificially fecundated and hatched, and that the trout 

 attained some growth while confined in the ponds he had constructed. 



The trout was the fish selected in the United States from the first as 

 the favorite for artificial culture. In 1853 Theodatus Garlick, M. D., 

 and Prof H. A. Ackley, of Cleveland, Ohio, incited by their knowledge 

 of the interesting results of the fish-culturists in France, began an exper- 

 iment with the brook-trout, ( Salmo fontinalis,) in which they were quite 

 successful. In 1857 Dr. Garlick published a treatise on artificial propa- 

 gation of fishes, appearing first in a series of numbers of the Ohio Farmer, 

 and afterward gathered into a volume. | 



* See the foot-note referring to the claim of Gottlieb Boccius, to have preceded Remy 

 in the practice of artificial fecundation, on page 477. 



tThe Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, by John James Audubon, F. R. S., 

 and the Rev. John Bachman, D. D. New York: Published by J, J. Auduljon, 184b, 4to, 



t See title at foot of page 536. 



