THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTUEE. 537 



French enabled him to gather in the vahiable points in the experience 

 of French calturists, which, in the true scientific sx)irit, he imparted to 

 the pul)lic. 



Doctor Slack invented a vessel for the transportation of fishes, which he 

 called the " Trontdale trausit-tank." This is a can of galvanized sheet- 

 iron, holding ordinarily about twelve gallons, having a pau with a per- 

 forated bottom fitting into the top, to contain ice for the purpose of 

 reducing the temperature of the water. In the top of the pan is inserted 

 a high cover, having windows of perforated tin, surrounded by a belt or 

 cylinder of the sheet-metal, arranged with openings corresponding to 

 the windows, so that drawing the belt for a short distance around the 

 top closes them. On the outside an air force-pump is attached, with a 

 hose leading through the bottom of the tank to a rose that divides the 

 air into fine particles before it ascends through the water, thereby 

 aerating it in a most eifective manner. This is a most invaluable ar- 

 rangement where fresh supplies of water are diiScult to obtain. This 

 apparatus is described in his manual with an illustration, and its use 

 tendered to the public, no patent having been secured upon it. 



In 1866 Mr. Livingston Stone began the work of trout-culture at 

 Charlestowu, IS". H., making his efforts successful after a short experi- 

 ence, and in 1872 he published a manual* on the culture of the trout, 

 embodying the most detailed directions and the most complete compen- 

 dium of the methods resulting from experience in trout-culture that has 

 thus far appeared. 



The results of Mr. Stone's experience have been made very valuable 

 in his book, not so much by the devising of new methods and appara- 

 tus as by the scieutific manner of his study of the questions and diffi- 

 culties that present themselves to all culturists. His accounts of the 

 ills and diseases that prevail with trout and eggs, whether the remedies 

 advocated are in all cases efficacious or not, are of great importance as 

 describing their causes and defining their symptoms and consequences, 

 the first step to a discovery of remedies. The knowledge of their 

 character, of course, affords in a great degree i)recision in experiment and 

 effort for their remedy and j)revention. The tonic effect of fresh earth 

 placed in the troughs under certain circumstances is probably of effi- 

 cient value and has been indorsed by other culturists. 



The supposed discovery of parasitic animals in the confervoid growth 

 on injured fishes was probably the observation of certain reproductive 

 stages of the Aclilya prolifera. 



Mr. N. W. Clark, of Clarkston, Mich., began a trout-establishment in 

 1867, and continued it a few years with success, until his time and 



* Domesticated Trout : liow to breed and grow tlieni, by Livingston Stone, A. M., 

 deputy United States fish-comtnissioner, proprietor of Cold Spring Trout-Ponds, secre- 

 tary of American Fisli-Cnlturists' Association, and editor of fish-culturists' department 

 in "New York Citizen." " Purpurisque salare stellatus tergora guttis."— Ausonius, 

 Idyl Tenth. " Make assurance doubly sure."— Macbeth, Act lY, Scene 1. Boston, James 

 E. Osgood & Co., 1872. 



