THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 539 



In 18G8 a hatchiug-liouse of larger dimensions was built, and the 

 experiment of using stream or surface water attempted, the liatcliiug- 

 establishments of America, with scarcely an exception, using water di- 

 rectly from springs. Mr. Wilmot's experiences have proved the entire 

 success of stream-waters. He has continued to hatch large numbers of 

 salmon from year to year, and has succeeded in amply stocking the 

 streams of his vicinity. 



He is quite confirmed in the belief that the salmon of the tributaries 

 of Lake Ontario never go to the sea to spawn, but make the depths of 

 Lake Ontario their home when they are not in the spawning streams. 



For a few years he sold quantities of spawn to commissioners of 

 fisheries and private citizens of several States ; but the successes of this 

 industry within our borders soon stopped the demand for imported ova. 



In the year 1871 Mr. Wilmot made the experiment of planting a few 

 thousands of young salmon in the waters of Lake. Simcoe, tributary to 

 Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, believing they would adapt themselves 

 to these bodies of fresh water. During the same year he imported a 

 number of the charr {Scilmo unibla) from the breeding establishment at 

 Keswick, England, receiving fifty of them in good condition, and placed 

 them in the waters of his vicinity. 



In the fall of 1866, when the salmon operations were begun in Canada, 

 the commissioners of fisheries of the State of New Hampshire* made the 

 initiative movement for the restoration of salmon by sending Dr. W. W- 

 Fletcher, of Concord, to the Miramichi Eiver, New Brunswick, to obtain 

 salmon ova for the benefit of the Merrimack Eiver. 



fee returned with about 20,000 eggs, a few of which were hatched in a 

 spring near Concord, and the remainder placed in artificially-preijared 

 beds in the bed of the river, where their development could be observed^ 

 and it was estimated that 90 per cent, of them hatched. In the following 

 season the parrs were frequently seen. 



The attempts at procuring eggs in New Brunswick were continued by 

 Dr. Fletcher in 1867, and by Mr. Livingston Stone, of Charlestown,N. H., 

 in 1868. The latter gentleman was sent under the patronage of the States 

 of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and established ahatching-house 

 on the Miramichi in company with Mr. Joseph Goodfellow, of New- 

 castle, N. B., and under a permit from the Canadian department of marine 

 and fisheries, on condition that half of the young fry produced should be 

 returned to the streams of New Brunswick. 



Through delay in receiving the official sanction of the government they 

 were prevented by the local authorities from tak^jig salmon, it being 

 the close season on the river. This, however, came in time for obtaining 

 nearly a half million of eggs, about one-half of which were transported 

 to the United States, and distributed to hatching-houses in New Hamp 

 shire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. 



From 1869 until 1872 salmon ova were purchased by the New England 

 States from New Brunswick culturists, and from Mr. Wilmot, and in 1871 

 * For a full history of salmon culture iu the United States, see page 226. 



