THE REAL PROBLEMS OF DEMOCRACY. u 



and Assyrians, and tlie other by the Greeks and Romans. In the 

 modern world all the Oriental peoples, particularly the Hindus 

 and Chinese, represent the former, and the Occidental peoples, 

 particularly the Anglo-Saxons, represent the latter. So superior, 

 in fact, are the Anglo-Saxons because of their observance of the 

 sacred and fruitful principle of individual freedom that they con- 

 trol the most desirable parts of the earth's surface. If not checked 

 by the practice of a philosoiDhy that has destroyed all the great 

 peoples of antiquity and paralyzed their competitors in the estab- 

 lishment of colonies in the l^e^\ as well as the Old World, there is 

 no reason to doubt that the time will eventually come when, like 

 the Romans, there will be no other rule than theirs in all the 

 choicest parts of the globe. 



It is the immense material superiority of the Anglo-Saxon 

 peoples over all other nations that first arrests attention. Xo 

 people in Europe j^ossess the capital or conduct the enterprises 

 that the English and Americans do. They have more railroads, 

 more steamships, more factories, more foundries, more warehouses, 

 more of everything that requires wealth and energy than their 

 rivals. Though the fact evokes the sneers of the Ruskins and Car- 

 lyles, these enterprises are the indispensable agents of civilization. 

 They have done more for civilization, for the union of distant peo- 

 ples, and the development of fellow-feeling — for all that makes life 

 worth living — than all the art, literature, and theology ever pro- 

 duced. Without industry and commerce, which these devotees of 

 ^' the higher life " never weary of deprecating, how would the in- 

 habitants of the Italian republics have achieved the intellectual and 

 artistic conquests that make them the admiration of every histo- 

 rian? The Stones of Venice could not have been written. The 

 artists could not have lived that enabled Vassari to hand his name 

 down to posterity. The new learning would have been a flower 

 planted in a barren soil, and even before it had come to bud it 

 would have fallen withered. May we not, therefore, expect that 

 in like manner the wealth and freedom of the Anglo-Saxon race 

 will bring forth fruits that shall- not evoke scorn and contempt? 

 Already their achievements in eA^ery field except painting, sculp- 

 ture, and architecture eclipse those of their rivals. Not except- 

 ing the literature of the Greeks, is any so rich, varied, powerful, 

 and voluminous as theirs? If they have no Caesar or ISTapoleon, 

 they have a long list of men that have been of infinitely greater 

 use to civilization than those two products of militant barbarism. 

 If judged by practical results, they are without rivals in the work 

 of education. By their inventions and their applications of the 

 discoveries of science they have distanced all competitors in the 



