i62 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



capes are to be found jutting northward from the land are north- 

 ern Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island, the southern shores of 

 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Cape Ann, and Cape Cod. 



There is no stretch of open, harborless, sandy coast from 

 Cape Bauld to Cape Spear, with its steep, sterile, rocky shores.* 

 There are two or three stretches of unbroken coast from three 





Icelandic Fireplace in supposed Norse Euin in MAPSAciirsETTsf. 



to five miles long, north and south of Canada Bay, northwest of 

 Conception Bay, and northeast of Bonavista Bay, but these are 

 not the shores of capes jutting to the north, with long strands and 

 sand banks. 



If we begin with Cape Breton and follow the coast northward 

 we find no extensive stretch of harborless coast until we reach 

 Island Point. From this point to Cape Smoke there is a compara- 

 tively unbroken coast about thirty miles in extent whose " head- 

 lands are composed of primary and metamorphic rocks, princi- 

 pally granite, with clay slate in nearly vertical strata, while sand- 

 stone, conglomerate, shale, limestone, and occasionally beds of 

 gypsum and red and yellow marl occur on the intervening shores." f 

 Here, then, there are not long strands and sand banks. Cape North 

 is a headland of slate one thousand feet high.ij: Dr. Gustav Storm, 

 of the University of Christiania, in his well-known book, Studier 

 over Yinlandsreiserne, etc., page 42, points out a resemblance be- 

 tween Cape Breton and Keel Cape, and states that the eastern 

 shores of Cape Breton Island are " specially described as low-lying 

 and sandy." According to the United States Hydrographic Office 

 Report, No. 99, page 289, the southeast coast of Cape Breton 

 Island from Michaux Point to Cape Gabarus "is low and has a 

 barren and rocky appearance, and the shore is broken into numer- 

 ous lakes and ponds, protected from the sea by beaches of gravel 

 and some small rocky islands and ledges. . . . Prom Cape Ga- 

 barus to Cape Breton, a distance of fifteen miles, the land is of 

 moderate height and the shore broken into coves and small har- 

 bors." Between Louisburg and Cape Breton, eight miles be- 



* Belle Isle to Boston, No. lO'l. Noiie iV Wilson, London. 



t United States Ilydrograpliic Office Report, No. 99, 1897, p. ^15. \ Und., p. 814. 



