170 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



distinct. The stones in uur early English and French cellars prac- 

 tically touch each other, as in the old cellar in Fort William Henry, 

 in Maine. Sometimes broken stones fill the interstices, as in an- 

 other example of stonework at Fort AVilliam Henry. Mortar has 

 been used here more or less since the beginning of the seventeenth 

 century. 



Although European or post-Columbian walls and cellars differ 

 considerably among themselves, it is within certain limits. Post- 



r^-^Hfrr 





mi'^ 



I :-.v""lj->,- ',;■C?■•' 





?-<■.:,'■*'-) : :~-f^i:rr 



' ■■>•-"'* 



Supposed Norse Pathway in Massachusetts. 



Columbian wnlU. <.r t'()iiii(hiti(^ii walls when built on the surface 

 of the ground, were practically homogeneous in character, the 

 French only attaining to one metre in thickness, whereas Icelandic 

 walls were disposed in three distinct parts, the inner and outer 

 sides being constructed in layers and the space between being filled 

 in with closely packed earth, while they were never less than a 

 metre and a half thick. 



