THE BLIND FISHES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



475 



xVphyonus mollis G. and B., 955 fathoms, and Alexeterion parfaiti 

 Vaillant, 5,005 metres, are the only ones found in the neighbor- 

 hood of America. 3. The Lophiidse are represented by Mancalias 

 Schiifeldtii Gill, from a depth of 372 fathoms. Other blind spe- 

 cies are found in foreign waters, while others with small eyes are 

 found in American waters. The majority of deep-sea fishes have 

 well-developed eyes. 



The shore fishes have their blind representative in Typhlogobius 

 californiensis St., which lives under rocks between tide water on 

 the coast of southern and Lower California. I have elsewhere 

 described the habits of this form. In the fresh-water caves of 

 Cuba two blind fishes — Stygicola denta Poey and Lucifuga subter- 

 raneus Poey — have been found. Their relatives live in the ocean, 

 Brotula barbata in Cuban waters; some of the others are blind and 

 inhabitants of deep water. 



The inland fresh-water fishes are represented by Gronias nigri- 

 labris Cope, a catfish from cave streams of eastern Pennsylvania, 

 and by members of the Amblyopsidse, concerning which a more 

 detailed account is given below. 



The AmblyopsidzE. — The Amblyopsidse are a small family of 

 fishes allied to the Cyprinodontidse. They are found in the Mis- 

 sissippi drainage basin and in certain southeastern streams. Three 

 of the members of the fam- 

 ily, the Chologasters, are 

 provided with well-devel- 

 oped eyes, while four other 

 species are cave fishes in 

 the strictest sense, being 

 blind and colorless. The 

 distribution of the differ- 

 ent members of the Am- 

 blyopsidse is as follows: 



Chologaster cornutus is 

 found in lowland swamps 

 of the Southern States 

 from the Dismal Swamp 

 to the Okefinokee Swamp. 

 Chologaster Agassizii is 

 found in subterranean 

 streams in Tennessee and Kentucky. Chologaster papilliferus has 

 so far been found only in southwestern Dlinois. 



Amblyopsis is abundant in the cave streams of the Ohio Valley 

 south of the east fork of White River. 



Typhliehthys subterraiieus inhabits the region south of the Ohio 



Fui 



-Tlie larva and adult of the Missouri cave 

 salamander (Typhlotriton). 



