2 22 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



courses of study and years of practical work on an established farm. 

 Verily, the country that excels Germany in training agriculturists 

 must be par excellence in its methods. 



A special feature of agricultural teaching is the traveling pro- 

 fessor {Wanderlehrer). United States Consul Monaghan enthusi- 

 astically describes him: "These teachers, supported partly by the 

 state and by agricultural unions, go from place to place . . . and 

 lecture on agricultural and horticultural subjects. Their purpose 

 is to lift up and ennoble agricultural life; to afford the farmer the 

 knowledge gleaned by science since he left the school; to impart to 

 him the best methods of selecting soils, fertilizers, cattle, trees, etc. ; 

 to teach him how to use his lands to best advantage, to graft, to 

 breed in; to get the best, quickest, and most profitable results. 

 These teachers are skilled scientists, practical workers, not theorists, 

 . . . perfectly familiar with the wants and needs of their dis- 

 tricts. Armed with this knowledge, the teacher's usefulness is cer- 

 tain and unlimited. When he speaks his voice is that of one in 

 authority, it is heeded. . . . He is a walking encyclopaedia of 

 knowledge, especially of knowledge pertaining to the woods, hills, 

 farms, and fields." 



Austria has, like Germany, a system of agricultural and forestry 

 schools in three grades — viz., superior, middle, and lower. Its old- 

 est school of superior grade was established in 1799 at Krumman.* 

 Similar schools existed later at Gratz, Trieste, Lemberg, Trutsch, 

 and Altenburg. The latter is especially complete in every appli- 

 ance for instruction, and well patronized. The middle schools pro- 

 vide two-year courses of study and practice, and are located at 

 Grossan, Kreutz, Dublany, and other points, while the lower schools 

 incline less to study and more to lectures and farm practice. They 

 are located in the provinces of Bohemia, Styria, Galicia, and Ca- 

 rinthia. 



Forestry schools of various grades exist at Mariabrunn, "Wis- 

 sewasser, Aussen, Pibram, Windschact, and ISTagny; of these, Ma- 

 riabrunn is especially deserving of mention for its thorough course 

 and complete equipment. 



Switzerland was the home of the philanthropist and educator 

 Fellenburg, His school, established at Hopyl in 1806, was a phi- 

 lanthropy in aid of the peasantry, concerning whom he said that 

 possessing nothing but bodies and minds, the cultivation of these 

 was the only antidote for their poverty. At least three thousand 

 pupils received their education in agriculture here. The Federal 

 Polytechnic School at Zurich is the nation's pride. Out of six 

 courses of superior training which it provides for its one thousand 



* See Barnard's Journal of Education, vol. xx, 1870, p. G73. 



