3i8 THE POPULAR SCIEXCE MONTHLY. 



lighter in color, having a larger cranial capacity, less marked progna- 

 thism, and smaller teeth. Some of these changes may possibly be due 

 to crossing into the next race. 



B. The Hottentots and Bushmen form a very distinct modification 

 of the negro race. They formerly inhabited a much larger district 

 than at present ; but, encroached upon by the Bantu from the north, 

 and the Dutch and English from the south, they are now greatly di- 

 minished, and indeed threatened Avith extinction. The Hottentots 

 especially are much mixed with other races, and, under the influence 

 of a civilization which has done little to improve their moral condi- 

 tion, they have lost most of their distinctive peculiarities. When pure- 

 bred they are of moderate stature, have a yellowish-brown complexion, 

 with very frizzly hair, which, being less abundant than that of the 

 ordinary negro, has the appearance of growing in separate tufts. The 

 forehead and chin are narrow, and the cheek-bones wide, giving a 

 lozenge-shape to the whole face. The nose is very flat, and the lips 

 prominent. In their anatomical peculiarities, and almost everything 

 except size, the Bushmen agree with the Hottentots ; they have, 

 however, some special characters, for while they are the most pla- 

 tyrhine of races, the prognathism so characteristic of the negro 

 type is nearly absent. This, however, may be the retention of an 

 infantile character so often found in races of diminutive stature, as it 

 is in all the smaller species of a natural grouj^ of animals. The crani- 

 um of a Bushman, taken altogether, is one of the best marked of any 

 race, and could not be mistaken for that of any other race. Their 

 relation to the Hottentots, however, appears to be that of a stunted 

 and outcast branch, living the lives of the most degraded of savages 

 among the rocky caves and mountains of the land of which the com- 

 paratively civilized and pastoral Hottentots inhabited the plains. 



Perhaps the Negrillos of Hamy, certain diminutive, round-headed 

 people of Central and Western Equatorial Africa, may represent a 

 distinct branch of the negro race, but their numbers are few, and they 

 are very much mixed with the true negroes in the districts in which 

 they are found. They form the only exceptions to the general doli- 

 chocephaly of the African branch of the negro race. 



C Oceanic Kegroes or 31elanesians. — These include the Papuans 

 of New Guinea and the majority of the inhabitants of the islands of 

 the Western Pacific, and fortn also a substratum of the population, 

 greatly mixed with other races, of regions extending far beyond the 

 present center of their area of distribution. 



They are represented, in what may be called a hypertypical form, 

 by the extremely dolichocephalic Kai Colos, or mountaineers of the 

 interior of the Feejee Islands, although the coast population of the same 

 group have lost their distinctive characters by crossing. In many 

 parts of New Guinea and the great chain of islands extending east- 

 ward and southward ending with New Caledonia, they are found in 



