414 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



structure and functions of the nervous sys- 

 tem, and in the development of psychology, 

 from the physiological side; while results 

 from both are of great value in arriving at 

 the principles involved in expression. Dr. 

 Warner takes up the subject broadly and 

 aims to treat it in the light of all that has 

 been gained in the various lines of research 

 that bear upon it. Premising that the work 

 is written with clearness and judgment, and 

 is fully illustrated, the reader will gain the 

 best idea of its contents by a statement of 

 the topics considered. The first five chap- 

 ters are devoted to an analysis of the nature 

 and the modes of expression. Chapter VI 

 treats of its physiology ; Chapter VII of its 

 pathology ; Chapter VIII of postures ; Chap- 

 ter IX of expression in the hand ; Chapter 

 X, expression in the head ; Chapter XI, ex- 

 pression in the human face ; Chapter XII, 

 expression in the eyes ; Chapter XIV, the 

 infant and adult; Chapter XVII, art criti- 

 cism ; and Chapter XIX, new apparatus for 

 observing and recording expression. 



Recent Ameuican Socialism. By Richard 

 T. Ely. Baltimore : N. Murray. Pp. 74, 



The author passes the history of the 

 early socialistic movements in the United 

 States with a rapid sketch-review, and gives 

 his attention principally to the consideration 

 of socialism as it has manifested itself since 

 the publication of Mr. George's "Progress 

 and Poverty." His object is to present the 

 character of the movements, not to pass 

 judgment on them ; and it is no compliment 

 to the intelligence of average readers that 

 he has felt it incumbent to excuse himself 

 for not obtruding his own views of their 

 merits and demerits ; as if, in recording that 

 some of the organizations advocated dyna- 

 miting, he should think it necessary to say 

 explicitly that he thought that very bad. In 

 his presentation, the author has endeavored 

 to let the parties concerned speak for them- 

 selves as far as possible, thereby securing 

 further accuracy and impartiality. He clas- 

 sifies the advanced Socialists of the present 

 day into the two groups of the Internation- 

 alists — a party of violence, believing in the 

 use of dynamite and like weapons of warfare 

 as a means of attaining their purpose — and 

 the Socialistic Labor party, who condemn 

 these tactics, and some of whom have not 



renounced all hope of a peaceable revolu- 

 tion of society ; and calls attention to the 

 superior character of the men of the latter 

 party as compared with those of the former. 

 Besides these are the labor unions, not act- 

 ually and avowedly socialistic, but liable to 

 tendencies in that direction and claimed as 

 at least prospective allies by the socialists- 

 The danger from these movements is real, 

 though the extreme peril may not be imme- 

 diate ; and " of course we all hope for the 

 best, but in the mean time it may be safer 

 to fear what is worse, and it can do no harm 

 to be watchful." As for a remedy, " there 

 is no simple, easily apphed formula which 

 will cure social evils, and any one is a 

 quack who pretends to have found one. Re- 

 pressive legislation, in the absence of overt 

 acts, has failed to repress the growth of 

 the socialistic sentiment, and is likely to 

 fail. The cure is to be sought in the oppo- 

 site direction, of finding out what are the 

 real, reasonable grievances of the men among 

 whomUhis sentiment is cultivated, and de- 

 vising and applying measures to ameliorate 

 them. Then, with this purpose kept hon- 

 estly in view, " in the harmonious action of 

 state, church, and individual, moving in the 

 light of true science, will be found an escape 

 from present and future social dangers. 

 Herein is pointed out the path of safe prog- 

 ress ; other there is none." 



Planting Trees in School-Grocnds, and 

 THE Celebration of Arhor-Day. Wash- 

 ington: Government Printiug-Office. Pp. 

 64. 



This is a document issued by the Bureau 

 of Education for the purpose of cultivating 

 interest in the planting of trees and of turn- 

 ing attention in the direction in which the 

 work may be most profitably done. It con- 

 tains " lessons from history " and other 

 facts, to show the importance of preserving 

 the forests ; selections from literature and 

 poetry, to be used in making up the pro- 

 gramme for the exercises of Arbor-day ; and 

 a practical essay on " Planting Trees in 

 School-Grounds." In this paper we observe 

 the suggestion that, in selecting the kinds of 

 trees to be planted in school-grounds, regard 

 should be had to their liability to injury 

 from accident, their tendency to sprout where 

 not wanted, the agreeable or disagreeable 

 odors that they may emit, the omamfintal 



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