ACCLIMATIZATION. 507 



such foreign enterprises ; while, in the third class, the State and com- 

 munity, as a consideration for the privilege allowed, receive a benefit 

 which is general and permanent. Without such ' special rates,' few of 

 these enterprises could be made profitable, and the most of them would 

 have to be abandoned. We state these facts, for such they are, and 

 not for the purpose of entering into any argument or defense of the 

 system. We found such ' special rates ' existing between the railroad 

 companies and these 'industrial enterprises' in the State at the time 

 we entered upon our duties, and many have been made between them 

 since that time. We have examined these 'special rates' very gener- 

 ally and particularly. The railroad companies have furnished them to 

 us for this purpose. We think that in general they are such as are 

 well calculated to develojD and build up these ' industrial enterprises.' 

 We have examined them for the purpose of ascertaining whether there 

 was in any of them any 'unjust discrimination,' in favor of any and 

 against others of these ' industrial enterprises,' and thus far we have 

 discovered nothing that can be fairly construed to come within this 

 category. These ' special rates ' are, of course, as various as the differ- 

 ent kinds of business to which they relate. We have notified the 

 railroad companies that, under the statute, they have the right to 

 make any such 'special rates' of this character as maybe agreed upon 

 by them and any of these 'industrial enterprises' in favor of one and 

 against another, and they have all uniforroly adopted the same view 

 of this matter. They are matters of contract in every instance, and 

 therefore are not in such shape that they can be tabulated in this re- 

 port."* The number of these pages might be indefinitely increased 

 by additional quotations from the experience of Europe and America, 

 illustrating the beneficial operation of the principle of discrimination 

 between things in determining the rates of transportation. But enough 

 has been said to show that the principle is based upon commercial 

 necessity, and that under the operation of any other rule the railroad 

 would fall far short alike of achieving its greatest usefulness to its 

 patrons, and of yielding the largest profit to its proprietors. 



ACCLIMATIZATIOX.f 



Bt Professor EUDOLPH VIKCHOW. 



IT is a well-known fact that the influence of a strange climate upon 

 the emigrant, however little the new medium may differ from the 

 mother-country in more or less essential qualities, exhibits itself at 

 first in a kind of recrudescence of vigor, which, however, in a very 



* "Alabama Reports," 1882, p. 28. 



f From an address before the Congress of German Naturalists and Physicians, at 

 Strasburg, September 22, 1885. 



