744 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



this enlargement of the neck was present in a marked degree. In still 

 younger individuals, however, under a year old, in which the spinous 

 processes of the vertebrae have not yet been developed, there is no such 

 enlargement, but, on the contrary, this region of the neck takes a con- 

 cave form. 



In conformity with the smaller size of the body, the shoulders, 

 arms, and thighs of the adult female are smaller than those of the full- 

 grown male, but they are still very powerful. While giving suck, the 

 breasts of the female are swelled in the form of a half-cone, instead 

 of assuming the convex shape which is observed in many P^uropean 

 women, and still more frequently in those of the negro, Indian, and 

 South Sea races. The nipple is cylindrical rather than conical in shape, 

 and covered with finely wrinkled black skin, which is sometimes hard 

 and horny. When not giving suck, the breasts hang slackly down, 

 like short empty pouches. 



In a young female the cranium is rounded, and the face is only 

 slightly prominent. In aged specimens, especially in those of the male 

 sex, there is a somewhat typical prolongation of that part of the face 

 which lies between the eyes and the end of the nose, and this is to a 

 slight extent apparent in the young female. Variations in form and 

 in the extent of the prolongation are, however, apparent even at this 

 early period. The trunk and limbs are more slenderly built than in a 

 male of the same age. 



The hairy coat of the gorilla consists of long, thick, straight or 

 stiffly curved bristles, and also of shorter, thinner, and curled woolly 

 hair. On the crown of the head the hair is somewhat stiff, from twelve 

 to twenty millimetres in length, and it becomes erect under the influ- 

 ence of anger. While the sides and fore part of the chin are only 

 clothed with short, stiff hairs, they grow thickly on the back part of 

 the chin, like a beard or forelock. The hairs which turn outward 

 from the sides of the face and on the neck are thirty or more milli- 

 metres in length. On the shoulders the hair is from one hundred and 

 thirty to one hundred and fifty millimetres long, hanging down on the 

 upper arms and the back. In the middle of the upper arm the hair is 

 from fifty to seventy millimetres long, growing downward as far as 

 the bend of the elbow. At this point it generally begins to grow in 

 an upward direction. On the back of the forearm it again grows 

 downward. In the middle of the forearm, on its inner side, a parting 

 of the hairs takes place, as one portion goes in front of the radius, 

 while the other portion turns behind the ulna. On the back of the 

 wrist a tuft of cui-ved hair turns upward ; a middle tuft goes directly 

 back ; and the lower tuft, also curved, turns outward. On the back 

 of the hand the hairs turn toward the fingers. On the breast and 

 belly the hairs are shorter and grow more sparsely. On the breast 

 their direction is, as a rule, upward and outward. On the belly they 

 converge from the ribs toward the center and the navel. On the 



