748 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



of its parts, yet these distinctions are not so characteristic as those be- 

 tween the young and aged male gorillas. The skull of the younger 

 animal, which is altogether devoid of the prominent bony crest and 

 ridges, is shaped almost like a truncated cone in the region of the 

 crown ; in some individuals of only a few years old the bony develop- 

 ment of the orbits has already begun, starting from the principal part 

 of the frontal bone, and covered with pads of wrinkled skin. The 

 short and depressed bridge of the nose becomes longer and higher, the 

 cartilaginous end of the nose becomes larger, and the prognathism of 

 the face increases with each successive stage of growth. The strength 

 of the trunk and limbs is early developed. The sexual characteristics 

 are gradually and plainly developed ; but the male gorilla far exceeds 

 the chimpanzee in demoniacal ferocity. 



The adult female is smaller, and has a smaller head, with an oval 

 crown to the skull. The orbits are not so strongly developed as in the 

 aged male, the nasal parts are less prominent, and the teeth are not 

 nearly so strong. The body of an animal of this sex is rounder in all 

 its parts ; and the belly, with its wider pelvis, is more tun-shaped than 

 in the aged male. Neither do the limbs display the same angular for- 

 mation of muscles.* The hands and feet of the female are also smaller 

 and slenderer. In a young female the characteristics here describep 

 are presented in the mitigated form which corresponds with its youth- 

 ful condition. But the female sometimes becomes a very strong and 

 even violent creature. This was often proved in the Hamburg Zoo- 

 logical Garden, where a female specimen, in splendid condition, sur- 

 vived for several years under the faithful care of old Siegel.f 



The skin of the chimpanzee is of a peculiar light, yet muddy flesh 

 color, which sometimes verges upon brown. Spots, varying in size 

 and depth of color, sometimes isolated, sometimes in groups, and of a 

 blackish-brown, sooty, or bluish-black tint, are found on different parts 

 of the body of many individuals, especially on the face, neck, breast, 

 belly, arms and hands, thighs and shanks ; more rarely on the back. 

 The face, which is soon after birth of a flesh color, merging into a 

 yellowish-brown, assumes a darker shade with the gradual develop- 

 ment of the body. The hairy coat is sleek, or only in rare cases 

 slightly curled, and the coarser and bristly hair is generally stiff and 

 elastic. The parting on the forehead is often so regular that it might 

 have been arranged by the hairdresser's art (see Fig. G). Close behind 

 that part of the head at which the projecting supraorbital ridges of 

 the gorilla generally meet, there is in the chimpanzee an altogether 

 bald place, or only a few scattered hairs. Round the face the growth 



* Compare Ilartmann, " Der Gorilla," Fig. 8. This is undoubtedly one of the most 

 successful illustrations of the chimpanzee, its habits, expression, and disposition. 



f Compare Ilartmann, " Der Gorilla," Fig. 27, representing the Hamburg animal in 

 middle age. Fig. gives the wild Paulina of the Gorman Loango expedition. The in- 

 scription, by an error of the press, states that it is a male, not a female chimpanzee. 



