280 Annals of the South African Muse inn. 



leaves, solitary flower-heads and villous achenes. They are distributed, 

 with a few exceptions, in the Western and Karroo Eegions. The most 

 widely-spread species of this group is P. incana, L., which occurs from 

 Little Namaqualand through the Karroo eastward to Albany. The 

 remainder of the species appear to be extremely local in distribution. 



The Papillatae have also constantly opposite leaves, with the excep- 

 tion of P. scabra, Harv., mostly solitary heads, and villous or pubes- 

 cent and glandular achenes, which in a few species are contracted into 

 a beak at the apex. Two species, P. lucilioides and P. undulata, grow 

 only in the Western Eegion and in the extreme south-west of the 

 Kalahari Region. The remainder are mostly confined to the South- 

 western Coast Region, from Worcester and Somerset eastward to 

 Uitenhage. 



The Ciliatae, with the exception of two species, have opposite leaves 

 connate at the base. The heads are solitary, except in P. tricephala, 

 in which they are sometimes ternate, and the achenes are either villous 

 or glandular or glabrous except for a tuft of hairs from the base. 

 They are distributed mainly in the Karroo and the Upper Region, 

 with one species, P. onobromoid.es, in the extreme north-west of the 

 South- Western Coast Region and the south of the Western Coast 

 Region, one, P. tricephala, extending into the Kalahari Region, and 

 one, P. elongata, Thunb., confined to the South-Western Region. The 

 distribution of this group is therefore in the Karroo and Upper 

 Regions, but principally Karroo. 



In the Glabratae, the largest group, the leaves are alternate in eight 

 species, the heads are corymbose or solitary, the achenes are without 

 exception villous or pilose, and the hairs are frequently accompanied 

 by sessile glands. The species are most abundant in the Western 

 Coast and the South-Western Coast Regions, but very rare in the 

 Karroo and almost absent from the Upper Region. 



To sum up the distribution of each section, therefore, the Incanae 

 are Western and Karroo, the Papillatae are chiefly South- Western, the 

 majority of the Ciliatae favour the Karroo and the Upper Region, and 

 the Glabratae are almost confined to the Western and South-Western 

 Regions. The genus is not represented in the South-Eastern Region. 



The majority of the species are very distinct and little liable to 

 confusion. Very many are quite local in their distribution. A few 

 possess some striking characteristic which distinguishes them at once 

 from the rest of the genus. Species deserving special mention are 

 P. heterocarpa, DC, which is remarkable in being procumbent and 

 rooting at the nodes, and much resembles a marsh plant, but as a 

 matter of fact it favours dry, stony hills ; in P. fasciculata, L.f., the 



