HO USE-DRAINAGE. 



311 



him that I vowed to be at deadly fend with them till I had 

 brought some of the chiefest of them to utter confusion, and con- 

 ferring some principles of philosophy I had read, and some con- 

 veyances of architecture I had seen, with some devices of others 

 I had heard, and some practices of mine own I had paid for, I 

 found out this way that is after described, and a marvellous easy 

 and cheap way it is. 



" Here is the same, all put together ; that the workman may 

 see if it be well. A, the cistern ; h, the little washer ; c, the waste 

 pipe ; D, the seat board ; e, the pipe that comes from the cistern ; 

 /, the screw ; g, the 

 scallop shell, to cov- 

 er it when it is shut 

 down; H, the stool 

 pot ; i, the stopple ; 

 li,, the current ; I, the 

 sluice ; m, N, the 

 vault into which it 

 falls ; always re- 

 member that the 

 servant at noon and 

 at night empty it, 

 and leave it half a 

 foot deep in fair 

 water." 



It seems a long 

 stride from Sir John 

 Harrington's pet 

 contrivance to the 

 complicated fittings 

 of a water-closet in 

 a modern city house 

 built under existing 

 regulations; but the 

 evolution has, upon 

 the whole, been 

 through complica- ^m. 1. 



tions toward sim- 

 plicity, as will be seen by Fig. 2, which represents a good form of 

 closet of the present day, and the most important improvements 

 in house-drainage have been made within the last twenty years. 

 We can now say that, so far as the plumbing fixtures in the 

 dwelling-house itself are concerned, freedom from nuisance and a 

 sufficient degree of safety can be secured at a reasonable cost ; 

 provided that trustworthy workmen are employed in the con- 

 struction of the work, and that the apparatus is properly managed 



