26 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



by the attentive human spirit. Harmonic relation apprehended by 

 reason we call Xa?c, and its embodiment Science ; the same appre- 

 hended by the imagination and rcsthetic sense, we call Beauty, and its 

 embodiment A)'t, music. Kow, in music there are two kinds of har- 

 mony, simultaneous and consecutive — chordal harmony and melody. 

 These must be combined to produce the grandest effect. So in cosmic 

 order, too, there are two kinds of harmonic relation — the coexistent in 

 space and the consecutive in time. The law of gravitation expresses 

 the universal harmonic inter-relation of objects coexistent in space, 

 the law of evolution, the universal harmonic relation of forms suc- 

 cessive in time. Of the divine spheral music, the one is the chordal 

 harmony, the other the consecutive harmony or melody. Combined 

 they form the divine chorus which *' the morning stars sang together." 



SPECIALIZATION IN SCIENCE. 



Br rEOFEssoB G. H. THEODOE EIMEE. 



A JESUIT with whom I was conversing on educational questions 

 once told me, in depreciation of my position as a man of sci- 

 ence, that the naturalist of to-day can be a physiologist or a physicist, 

 mineralogist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, or chemist, and no more ; 

 that he can not overlook the whole of science, but can at most only 

 really know a part of his own branch, from which he is not, of course, 

 justified in drawing any general conclusion. It was otherwise with 

 the Jesuit, who excluded himself from no department of knowledge. 

 This man touched accurately what is now recognized as a growing 

 peril to the general significance of science in mental development — the 

 continuous contraction of the individual's field of labor, or specializing. 

 It is right for naturalists in these days to make themselves masters 

 in their own branch, and masters usually in that alone, unless they are 

 in a position to obtain a survey over the whole of the sciences. But 

 it is wrong, in the present condition of knowledge, to deny them a 

 general acquaintance with all scientific matters. That would be to 

 put their capacity below that of the Jesuit, who only desires to obtain 

 a superficial view of science in order to aid him in holding his position 

 in sophistical disputations against it and in favor of his own dogma. 

 Most naturalists and scientifically educated persons have, moreover, 

 been trained in a liberal range of studies, and are well qualified to 

 form a judgment on general scientific as well as upon important and 

 fundamental j)hilosophical questions. Yet we are living, to a large 

 extent, upon the provision left by the fathers. The dividing up is 

 daily becoming more and more minute, and is destined in time to 

 throw a broad shadow over the outlook, unless the demand for a many- 

 sided basis of training as a defense against the evil is universally insist- 



