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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



eration an interesting chapter is devoted. 

 The colors and materials used by the cal- 

 ico -pri»ters are many, and are divided into 

 three classes — colors, mordants, and thick- 

 ening materials. The colors are divided 

 as follows : mineral colors, the importance 

 of which has largely decreased of late in 

 calico-printing; natural organic coloring- 

 matters, such as logwood, madder, indigo 

 cochineal, berries, etc., which are used chiefly 

 under the form of extracts ; artificial col- 

 oring-matter, or coal-tar colors. The ori- 

 gin, properties, chemical composition, etc., 

 of each coloring -matter arc given. The 

 mordants include all those substances pos- 

 sessing the property of causing coloring- 

 matter to become fixed on the fiber, either by 

 precipitation, adhesion, or otherwise. Salts 

 of alumina, iron, chrome, tin, lead, zinc, an- 

 timony, etc., possess mordant properties, 

 and occupy an important place in the prepa- 

 ration of the print colors. Tannin, soaps, 

 oils, etc., are also extensively used. 



Thickening materials are indispensable 

 to the calico-printer. In order to prevent 

 the colors on the cloth " running " into each 

 other, and to obtain a distinct separation 

 between the different shades, all the print- 

 ing-colors have to be thickened. This is 

 done by means of starch, gum, albumen, etc. 

 The colorist has to be thoroughly familiar 

 with the properties of all the substances he 

 uses, and with their action toward each oth- 

 er. ConsideriHg that some of the print-col- 

 ors have to be composed by mixing together 

 from six to ten different materials, the 

 knowledge of the properties of each is im- 

 portant. A short chapter is devoted to wa- 

 ter. The most important part is that de- 

 voted to the printing processes, the practi- 

 cal work of the colorist. It includes chap- 

 ters on preparing thickenings ; preparing 

 mordants ; steam-colors (steam pigment-col- 

 ors ; steam aniline -colors, steam alizarin- 

 colors, dyewood, redwood, catechu, and 

 compound steam - shades) ; steam mineral 

 colors ; a chapter on steam - colors of the 

 most recent introduction, and on new solv- 

 ents ; oxidation - colors, colors obtained by 

 reduction ; dyed colors, the designs on which 

 are obtained by resisting and discharging 

 processes. 



The machinery and apparatus employed 

 in calico-printing are described in another 

 chapter, and illustrated. The illustrations 



are many, and represent the most important 

 apparatus which are in use in print-works. 

 The most complicated of these is the twelve 

 color priuting-machine, by means of which 

 the most complicated and elaborate designs 

 can be produced on cloth. 



Short chapters are devoted to the finish- 

 ing of printed goods ; electricity in print- 

 ing ; and printing woolen fabrics. 



A table, showing the principal styles of 

 calico-printing, and the number of shades 

 that can be produced in each style, is also 

 given. Besides the numerous illustrations 

 the volume contains eight plates of printed 

 samples of calico, chosen so as to show the 

 different styles. 



Taken altogether, the volume under re- 

 view contains a very large amount of prac- 

 tical information. The student will find in 

 it a complete guide in his first attempts at 

 laboratory work in the branch he chooses 

 to follow, while the expert colorist can rely 

 upon it as a valuable reference-book. 



EoMANTic Love and Personal Beauty : 

 Their Development, Causal Relations, 

 Historic and National Peculiarities. By 

 Henry T. Finck. London and New 

 York : Macmillan & Co. Pp.560. Price, 

 $2. 



Many sober-minded persons would ex- 

 pect a book on romantic love and personal 

 beauty to contain nothing better than silly 

 sentimentalism, if happily it contained noth- 

 ing worse. But these two closelv connected 

 subjects have other aspects than the sen- 

 timental one. Romantic love, by which is 

 meant, in this book, the complex emotion 

 that leads a civilized person, free from con- 

 siderations of policy, to desire marriage 

 with a particular individual, has a power- 

 ful influence in directing the development 

 of the race. For the feelings that determine 

 the choice of partners in marriage deter- 

 mine also what physical, mental, and moral 

 characteristics shall be brought together and 

 transmitted to the next generation. The de- 

 sign of Mr. Finck's book is to analyze ro- 

 mantic love and personal beauty, and to 

 trace their development and history. In 

 what he calls a "chemical" analysis he 

 compares love to a musical note, composed 

 of the sexual relation as its fundamental 

 tone, with eleven overtones, viz. : individual 

 preference, monopoly or cxclusivcness, jcal- 



