LITERARY NOTICES. 



135 



lessons deal almost entirely with hygiene, 

 the author deeming it injudicious to require 

 young children to learn much about the 

 names and locations of bones and blood- 

 vessels, etc. The book is divided into six- 

 teen " lessons " of moderate length, each 

 having at the end a short hst of questions 

 with answers. Following these is a chapter 

 on "Accidents, Injuries, and Poisons." Some 

 practical suggestions to teachers of health- 

 subjects are prefixed to the volume. Special 

 teaching as to the effects of alcoholic stimu- 

 lants and of narcotics upon the human sys- 

 tem is given in connection with the descrip- 

 tions of the chief organs of the body. 



Ligaments, their Nature and Morpholo- 

 gy. By JoH.'i Bland Sutton. Illus- 

 trated. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston, 

 Son k Co. Pp. lu7. Price, $1.25. 



This treatise is designed to be a sys- 

 tematic account of ligaments and fasciae 

 generally, with respect to their morphology 

 and ancestral history. Frequent reference 

 has been made to the facts of comparative 

 anatomy, but for the convenience of the 

 student of human anatomy these facts have 

 been concentrated in one chapter. The 

 author finds that the more important liga- 

 ments •' are derived either from the meta- 

 morphosis and regression of muscles, or the 

 degeneration of osseous and cartilaginous 

 tissues." Tlie metamorphosis of contractile 

 into fibrous tissue is caused by disuse and 

 consequently diminished nutrition. In the 

 case of many ligaments of the axial skele- 

 ton and pectoral girdle, bones correspond- 

 ing to them in position have been found in 

 certain of the lower animals, showing that 

 these ligaments have arisen from a degen- 

 eration of osseous and cartilaginous tissues, 

 during the development of the human spe- 



Chauvenet's Treatise on Elementary 

 Geometry. Revised and abridged by 

 W. E. Byerly, Professor of Mathemat- 

 ics in Harvard University. Philadel- 

 phia: J. B. Lippincott Company, Pp. 

 322. Price, $1.20. 



Professor Byerly's edition of this 

 standard text-book is carefully adapted to 

 obtaining as much original work as possible 

 from the student. He maintains that the 

 student should be compelled to think and 

 to reason for himself, thus gaining the 



power to grasp and prove any simple goo- 

 metrical truth that may be set before him. 

 " On this account, the demonstrations of 

 the main propositions, which at first are 

 full and complete, are gradually more and 

 more condensed, until at last they are some- 

 times reduced to mere hints, by the aid of 

 which the full proof is to be developed ; and 

 numerous additional theorems and problems 

 are constantly given as exercises for prac- 

 tice in original work." 



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