RACE AND LANGUAGE. 351 



bears evidence of this fact, as clearly as the speech of Ilispaniola. The 

 broken and distorted vocables, the imperfect and irregular grammar, 

 with many non-Aryan words, show plainly enough that an allophylian 

 people have here adopted the tongue of Aryan intruders, with whom 

 they have amalgamated. This aboriginal people, according to all the 

 evidence we possess, was of Iberian blood ; and what the Iberians were 

 we know very well, from tlieir history in Northern Spain and Southern 

 France. Of all the European communities they have displayed the 

 spirit of independence in the strongest degree. Their attachment to 

 their "/e/eros," or communal rights, has been a steady and unquench- 

 able flame. Under the most absolute of the Spanish sovereigns, their 

 right of self-government was usually respected. Any infringement of 

 it awoke indignation, which, if it smoldered for a time, was sure in 

 the end to break out in a fury of rebellion. Such were the people 

 whose national traits form the groundwork of the Celtic character, more 

 especially in Ireland, where the aboriginal tribes were the strongest. A 

 wise statesmanship, dealing with such a people, would, above all things, 

 have sought to gratify their passion for local self-government and for 

 personal independence. How utterly this sentiment has been disregard- 

 ed, and with what deplorable consequences, the world knows too well. 

 It would be easy to cite many other examples of the importance of 

 ethnological teachings, shown alike when they are received and when 

 they are rejected. But the ethnology which thus undertakes to teach 

 must be the genuine science, which is based on the only sure founda- 

 tion — that of language. Anything else which may style itself eth- 

 nology is a mere collection of empirical facts, leading to no assured 

 conclusions — and, however entertaining and instructive in some re- 

 respects, is not really entitled to the name of a science. The true 

 ethnology, on the other hand, is a genuine science of the highest 

 value. Every educated man should be familiar with its principles and 

 their application. It is indispensable alike to the historian who would 

 trace the past of a nation, and to the politician who in any capacity 

 aspires to direct its future. 



The ofBcial report of the. operation of the Cruelty to Animals Act gives the 

 number of experiments made upon living animals last year in Great Britain as 

 1,035. The use of ansesthetics was dispensed with in 458 cases not painful 

 enough to require it ; 213 cases were subject to the condition that the animal 

 should be killed before recovering consciousness ; and forty operations were 

 painful in their character, while the amount of pain actually inflicted was never- 

 theless small. Fifty-four of the sixty-four persons holding licenses performed 

 operations. The "Lancet" sees in this return evidence that on the whole the 

 demands of science were reconciled with the infliction of a very small total of 

 pain and inconvenience upon its victims ; and it remarks that, when our business 

 and sports come to be conducted with equal consideration for the brute interests 

 involved, we shall be able to congratulate ourselves on having deserved well in- 

 deed of the brute creation. 



