AMERICAN ZOOLOGISTS AND EVOLUTION. 497 



ing collection of facts brought together by Dr. White, the distin- 

 guished ex-President of Cornell University, which are embodied in his 

 work entitled " The AVarfare of Science," as well as two additional 

 chapters on the same subject, which have lately appeared in " The 

 Popular Science Monthly." One then realizes the lamentable but 

 startling truth that, without a single exception, every theory or hy- 

 pothesis, every discovery or generalization of science has been bitterly 

 opposed by the Church, and particularly by the Catholic Church, which 

 resists, and, as Huxley says, " must, as a matter of life and death, re- 

 sist the progress of science and modern civilization." 



Only the briefest reference can here be made to a few of the nu- 

 merous contributions on the subject of man's relationship to the ani- 

 mals below him. The rapidly-accumulating proofs of the close rela- 

 tion existing between man and the quadrumana, make interesting every 

 fact, however trivial, in regard to the structure and habits of the higher 

 apes. 



Dr. Arthur E. Brown* has made some interesting experiments 

 with the monkeys at the Zoological Gardens in Philadelphia. lie 

 found that the monkeys showed great fear, as well as curiosity, when 

 a snake was placed in their cage, though they were not affected by 

 other animals, such as an alligator and turtle. On the other hand, 

 mammals belonging to other orders showed no fear or curiosity at a 

 snake. These experiments, repeated in various ways, lead him to only 

 one logical conclusion, " that the fear of the serpent became instinct- 

 ive in some far-distant progenitor of man, by reason of his long ex- 

 posure to danger and death in a horrible form, from the bite, and that 

 it has been handed down through the diverging lines of descent which 

 find their expression to-day in Homo and Pithecus." 



The same author,f in an exceedingly interesting description of the 

 higher apes, says : " Mr. A. R. "Wallace once called attention to the 

 similarity in color existing between the orang and chimpanzee and the 

 human natives of their respective countries. It would, indeed, seem 

 as if but half the truth had been told, and that the comparison might 

 be carried also into the region of mind ; the quick, vivacious chimpan- 

 zee partaking of the mercurial disposition of negro races, while the 

 apathetic, slow orang would pass for a disciple of the sullen fatalism 

 of the Malay." 



Dr. Brown J has also given a description of the grief manifested 

 by a chimpanzee on the death of its mate. His grief was shown by 

 tearing his hair or snatching at the short hair on his head. The yell 

 of rage was followed by a cry the keeper had never heard before, a 

 sound which might be represented by hah-ah-ah-ah-ah uttered some- 

 what under the breath, and with a plaintive sound like a moan. 



Mr. W. F. Hornaday * read at the Saratoga meeting of this Asso- 



* "American Xaturalist," vol. xii, p. 225. f Ibid., vol. xvii, p. 119. 



X Ibid., vol. xiii, p. 173. * Ibid., vol. xiii, p. 712. 



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