498 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



elation an exceedingly interesting paper on the " Habits of the Orang," 

 as observed by him in his native forests. He says, " Each individual 

 of the Borneo orangs differs from his fellows, and has as many facial 

 peculiarities belonging to himself alone, as can be found in the indi- 

 viduals of any unmixed race of human beings." After recounting 

 the many traits of the orang, heretofore regarded as peculiar to man, 

 he says: "Let any one, who is prejudiced against Darwinian views, go 

 to the forests of Borneo. Let him there watch from day to day this 

 strangely human form in all its various phases of existence. Let him 

 see it climb, walk, build its nest, eat and drink and fight like human 

 'roughs.' Let him see the female suckle her young and carry it 

 astride her hip precisely as do the coolie women of Hindostan. Let 

 him witness their human-like emotions of affection, satisfaction, pain, 

 and childish rage — let him see all this, and then he may feel how much 

 more potent has been the lesson than all he has read in pages of ab- 

 stract ratiocination." 



Professor W. S. Barnard several years ago, in a study of the my- 

 ology of man and apes, showed that the scansorius muscle which Trail 

 studied in the higher apes and which he supposed had no homologue 

 in man, was really homologous with the ghiteiis minimus in man. 

 Dr. Henry C. Chapman,* in a study of the structure of the orang- 

 outang, has confirmed the truth of Barnard's discovery. Dr. 

 Chapman is led to infer that the ancestral form of man was inter- 

 mediate in character, as compared with living anthropoids or lower 

 monkeys, agreeing with them in some respects and differing from 

 them in others. 



The osteological afl^nities which man has with the Lemuridce, as 

 insisted upon by Mivart, are also recognized by Cope.f In a general 

 paper on the " Origin of Man and other Vertebrates," he says : " An 

 especial point of interest in the phylogeny of man has been brought 

 to light in our North American beds. There are some things in the 

 structure of man and his nearest relatives, the chimpanzee, orang, etc., 

 that leads us to suspect that they had rather come from some extinct 

 type of lemurs." 



It would seem as if we must look farther back than the higher apes 

 for the converfjincr lines of man's relations with them. The earliest 

 remains of man or the apes found fossil, presenting as they do marked 

 types with little tendency to approach one another, would in them- 

 selves suggest an earlier origin for both stocks. 



In a paper by Professor Cope J on " Lemurine Reversion in Human 

 Dentition," he says, in concluding his article : "It may be stated that 

 the tritubcrcular superior molars of man constitute a reversion to the 

 dentition of the Lemuridce of the Eocene period of the family Anap- 



* "Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences," 1880, p. 163. 

 f " Popular Science Monthly," vol. xxvii, p. 609. 

 \ "American Naturalist," vol. xx, p. 941. 



