AMERICAN ZOOLOGISTS AND EVOLUTION. 503 



nor has the long array of botanical facts for Darwin as revealed in the 

 fascinating study of the relations which exist between flowering plants 

 and insects, contrivances for cross-fertilization, means of plant-disper- 

 sion, etc., and the distinguished botanists connected with this work, 

 received attention here. Indeed, the proper limits for an address of 

 this nature have been far exceeded. 



Suffice it to say that all these students have worked from the stand- 

 point of derivative doctrines. A still greater triumph to Darwinism 

 are the evidences of gradual conversion still going on among a few 

 isolated workers who still remain stubborn, yet yielding to the press- 

 ure of these views by admitting features that ten years ago they re- 

 pudiated. 



There are two points to be emphasized here in closing : and one is, 

 that American biological science stands as a unit for evolution ; and 

 the other is, the establishment of a great generalization, which shows 

 that when intelligence became a factor in animals, it was seized upon 

 to the relative exclusion of other characteristics. This generalization 

 offers an unassailable argument to-day for a wider, broader, and deeper 

 education for the masses. The untold misery and suffering of the 

 working-classes, as witnessed in their struggles of the last two years, 

 would have been avoided had the rudiments of social science — even a 

 knowledge of the value and significance of simple statistics — been 

 appreciated by them. 



The startling paper of Dr. Seaman * on the " Social Waste of a 

 Great City " shows the blundering, criminal way in which municipali- 

 ties are controlled by coteries ignorant alike of Science and the benefi- 

 cent mission she stands waiting to enter upon. 



[Within ten years a number of general works on evolution have 

 appeared, the most important of which have been the "Law of Hered- 

 ity " by Dr. W. K. Brooks, to which allusion has already been made ; 

 and the " Origin of the Fittest," by Professor E. D. Cope, in which are 

 brought together the various papers, memoirs, addresses, etc., of the 

 author which have appeared from time to time in scientific journals 

 and magazines. Nearly all the addresses read, within the past ten 

 years, before this Association by the presiding officers who were zoolo- 

 gists have been imbued with Darwinism and deriviation. The titles 

 of the general articles which have appeared on evolution would fill a 

 large catalogue. 



The general addresses on the subject are legion. Indeed, as the 

 revered botanist Asa Gray has well remarked, " Dante literature and 

 Shakespeare literature have been the growth of centuries, but Darwin- 

 ism filled teeming catalogues during the lifetime of the author." 



While no reference can be made to these various publications, al- 

 lusions must be made to the Darwin Memorial Meeting of the Biologi- 

 * " Science," vol. viii, p. 283. 



