73° 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



taken for each year. The sum of the differences of the second year 

 (being less in both classes of students) was subtracted from the sum 

 of the differences of the first year. The remainder was a gain in sym- 

 metry. This remainder, divided by the sum of the differences of the 

 first year, gave the percentage of "gain in symmetry," 



For One Class: Average Measurements of Growth during One Yea/r. 



GHOWTH. 



Heighi 



Girth of neck 



Girth of chest (normal). 

 Girtli of chest (inflaied) 



Girth of waist 



Girth of tliii^li 



Girtli of calf 



Girth of arm 



Girth of forearm 



Breadth of shoulders . . 



Breadth of waist 



Strensih of back 



Ptrcugih of logs 



Cipacity of lungs 



Weight 



Gain iu symmetry 



Rest of 



cl iss : SO 

 uon -ath- 

 letes. 



7"2nim. 



3 



16-1 

 11-7 



iu-1 



8 



7-C. 

 G-3 

 4-2 

 10-4 

 34 

 29f lbs. 



5 9 cu. in. 



7-1 lbs. 



4|- p. ct. 



OUT-DOOR ATHLETES. 



athletes. 



8 mm. 



7-7 

 32 1 

 30-2 

 13 -3 

 17-3 

 101 



0-3 



7-1 

 18-8 



7-2 



68-4 lb. 

 52-3 

 9-7 cu. in. 



8-7 lbs. 

 15 p. ct. 



6 rowing- 

 men. 



8 track- 

 aihletes. 



11 "3 mm, 



5-7 

 31-3 

 4()-7 

 15-8 

 15-2 

 10 

 11 



C-7 

 11-7 



6-8 



6G5 lbs. 



51| 

 10"2 cu. in. 



9-6 lbs. 

 5^ p. ct. 



5'76 mm. 



7 

 35-2 

 39-7 



n9 



21-2 



79 



9-2 



6-9 

 17-4 



8 



9H lbs. 



Sl| 



10-3 cu. in, 

 8 2 lbs. 



4i p. ct. 



It must not be forgotten that the conditions of American life have 

 changed so greatly in the last century that, in order to view education 

 aright, it is necessary to take counsel of new consideratiojis. To be 

 sure, the material to be worked on seems to be the same. The youth- 

 ful mind and character are unchanged. Yet there are influences at 

 work in these modern times which are destined to sap the physical 

 strength of our young men, and thus impair the vigor of their minds 

 and emasculate their characters, unless these influences be clearly recog- 

 nized and continually counteracted. We will mention two of these 

 influences : 



1. Concentration of Population into Cities. — According to 

 the last census report, of every one hundred inhabitants in the United 

 States, there were dwelling in towns of eight thousand inhabitants 

 and above — 



In 1790 3-3 



" 1820 4-9 



In 1850 12-B 



" 1880 22-6 



But these figures do not tell the whole story. Towns have grown 

 into cities, and cities have added to their population enormously in 

 the thirty years from 18.")0 to 1880, as will be seen from the following 

 figures, showing the number of cities of various grades : 



