178 NA T U RE-STUD Y RE VIE W [13 :5— May, 1917 



Male Hooded Merganser. 

 EE. Bills short and broad, heads not crested. 

 F. Head with large white patch. 



Male Bufflehead. 

 FF. Head with small circular white patch at base of 

 bill. 



Male American Golden-eye. 

 ■ FFF.Whitecrescentic patch at base of bill. 



Barrow's Golden-eye. 

 CC. Plumage largely grey and brown. 

 ; D. Shoulders white or greyish-white. 



E. Shoulders white. Adult male Widgeon 

 EE. Shoulders greyish-white. Female or immature male 

 Widgeon. 

 DD. Speculum white. 



E. Bills narrow; heads reddish-brown and crested. 



F. Colors of head and neck sharply defined. 



Female American Merganser. 

 FF. Colors of head and neck blending. 

 G. Breast whitish, larger. 

 Female Red-breasted Merganser. 

 GG. Breast grey, smaller. 



Female Hooded Merganser. 

 EE. Bills broad, heads not crested. 

 F. Sides of head with indistinct white blotches, size 

 small. 



Female Bufflehead. 

 FF. Head uniformly brownish like back. 



Male and female Gadwall. 

 FFF. Head uniformly brownish, back grey. 

 Female Golden-eye. 

 BB. Narrow lines of whice in wings. 

 C. Flanks white or whitish. 



D. White ring around neck, bill yellow. 



Male Mallard. 

 DD. No white ring, bill blue. 



E. Bill crossed by broad dark band, speculum grey, 

 neck with brownish band. 



