238 



NA T URE-ST UD Y RE] 'IE W [13 :6— S ept . , 1917 



smaller butterfly. (See figure on page 237.) Its caterpillar feeds 

 upon willow and poplar. 



THE EMPERORS 



The Goat-Weed Emperor. — This handsome orange red butterfly 



can be distin- 

 guished from all 

 others by the 

 gracefully ex- 

 tended tips of 

 the front wings 

 and the equally 

 striking points 

 on the hind 

 wings. It is a 

 middle western 

 and southern 

 species. Its cat- 

 erpillar is gray 

 It feeds upon goatweed. 



The Goat-Weed Emperor 

 The wings are bright-orange margined with brown with 

 I an irregular paler band just inside the brown margins. 



and encrusted with little tubercles. 



THE MEADOW BROWNS 



These are brown butterflies which do not attract much attention 

 from the uninitiated, but are very much loved by any real student 

 of butterflies. 



The Bhie-eyed Grayling and 

 the Dull eyed Grayling. — These 

 two species blend into each 

 other, the blue-eyed being the 

 southern form and the dull- 

 eyed the northern form. The 

 only difference between the 

 two species is that the dull- 

 eyed grayling lacks the broad 

 yellow band on the front wings, 

 but almost every grade be- 

 tween the two species may be 

 found. The caterpillar attains 

 the length of over one and one- 

 third inches. It is green in 



The Blue-Eyed Grayling 

 Expanse two to two and one-half 

 inches. Color dull brown with broad 

 yellow bands crossing the front wings 

 outside the middle. In this band 

 are two black eye-spots, with little 

 blue centers ; small dark eye-spots on 

 each hind wing. 



