FOREIGN NOTICES. 



93 



ceeds tliat proportion, destruction is still more ra- 

 pidly induced. Diirinn; slcc]), animals exhale less 

 carbonic acid than diirintr their waking hours, so 

 plan;s emit a much diminished amount of oxvy:en 

 durinu the night. Johnson's Principles of Gar- 

 dening. 



To DESTROY E.\RWIGS ON THE Dahlia. — In light 

 soils the lirst scourge ol the Dahlia is the earwig ; 

 this insect increases by myriads, and is verj' load, 

 not of the roots, but of the young shoots and flow- 

 ers of the Dahlia. In vain I used sulphur, tobacco, 

 soot, etc. ; every morning the earwigs smrounded 

 the new shoots, and in a few moments all were 

 devoured. I then had collars or bands of tin 

 made, (the use of zinc would be less expensive,) 

 about one inch and three-quarters in breadth, and 

 large enough to form an opening of about the same 

 diameter. I Siuik these bands in the ground around 

 the Dahlias, to the depth of about a quarter of an 

 inch, (we know that the earwig does not penetrate 

 very deep below the soil ;) I then rubbed the out- 

 side of the bands with tlie sediment or refuse of 

 lamp oil. This method was perfectly successful ; 

 the next day and the fullowing days, I saw the ear- 

 wigs checked by the bands, where the oil with 

 which they were gorged, had fastened them, and I 

 was thus freed from these voracious insects. Re- 

 vue Horticole. 



Grfen Vegetables for Winter use. — It may 

 be well to notice, at this season, a method of pre- 

 serving green peas, string and shell beans, vegeta- 

 bles in such general use. 



The green peas, etc., are first placed in a copper 

 vessel (or common tin stew-pan) with an ounce of 

 sugar to a quart of peas, exposing them to a gentle 

 heat, stirring them constantly until the sugar is all 

 taken up ; they are then placed on a sieve reversed, 

 and put into a spent oven after the bread is with- 

 drawn, where they remain until peifectly dry, v^hen 

 they are put into paper bags, and kept free from 

 damp. 



Another method consists in throwing them into 

 boiling water, afterwards into cold water, and then 

 drying them in the same way, as directed above. 

 This last iTiethod applies also to beans ; always ob- 

 serving that string beans, before being placed in 

 boiling water, should have the stringy parts remov- 

 ed, and be cut in two. Before the vegetables, thus 

 prepared, are used, they should be soaked for seve- 

 ral hiiurs in lukewarm water. Revue Horticole. 



Culture of the Pine Tribe. — " The Duke of 

 Bedford took a warm interest in planting. The 

 EvergFcen Drive at Woburn was planted by him 

 with various kinds of Pine and Fir, selected with 

 the assistance of Philip Miller, and thinned by his 

 own care. Indeed, on this last point, an anecdote 

 has been related characteristic of his disposition. 

 In the year 1743, the Duke planted the large 

 plantation in Woburn park known by the name of 

 Evergreens,' to commemorate the birth of his 

 daughter, afterwards Caroline, Duchess of Marl- 

 borough. The space was something more than 

 100 acres, and was before that tune a rabbit-war- 

 ren, producing nothing but a few blades of grass, 



with the heath or ling indigenous to the soil, and 

 wiliiout a single tree upon it. In the course of a 

 few years, the Duke perceived that the plantation 

 rcquued thinning, in order to admit a free circula- 

 tion of air, and give health and vigor to the youn<' 

 trees. He accordingly gave instructions to his frar- 

 dener, and directed hun as to the mode and extent 

 of the thinnins; reciuircd. The gardener paused and 

 hesitated, and at length said, ' Your Grace must 

 pardon mc if I lumibiy remonstrate against your 

 orders ; but I cannot possibly do what you desire : 

 it would at once destroy- the young ])lantation, and 

 moreover, it would be seriously injurious lo my re- 

 putation as a planter.' The Dui^e replied, 'Do as 

 I desire you, and I will take care of your rej)uta- 

 tion.' The plantation was consequently thimied ac- 

 cording to hi.s instru(-tio;is, and the Duke caused a 

 board to be fixed in the plantation facing the road, 

 on which was inscribed 'This plantation has been 

 thinned by John Duke of Bedford, contrary to the 

 advice and opinion of his gardener.' Of tlie plan- 

 tation so formed, Mr. Forbes, the present gardener 

 of Woburn Abbey, says in the pretace to the Pine- 

 tum Woburnense, privately printed, 'In the Woburn 

 Evergreen plantation, formed in 1743, and which 

 consists principally of the Coniferous tribe, many 

 beautiful feathered specimens, with majestic stems, 

 may be seen. They maj- be pronounced as unequal- 

 led by any other plantation in the kingdom ; parti- 

 cularly the Pinus pinaster, strobus, sylvestris, ri'>-i- 

 da, cembra, Abies pectinata, and the Cedrus Liba- 

 ni ; which may be chiellv attributed to the judicious 

 thinning applied to that plantation when in a 30un"' 

 state.' I may, perhaps, be excused for inserting 

 another paragraph on the same subject, from the 

 introduction written by my father : — ' The culture 

 of the family of the Conilerce may be said to be al- 

 most in its infancy in this country. The numerous 

 species of Pines introduced into Europe from dis- 

 tant climes, from the Himalayan range of mountains, 

 and other parts of India, has given a new zest to 

 those who take pleasure in bringing forward and 

 cultivating hitherto unknown productions of the ve- 

 getable world ; and, without going into an inquiry 

 respecting the commercial advantages to be derived 

 from the knowledge which we are yearlv, (I may 

 almost say daily,) acquiring of the growth and value 

 and properties of trees, I will content mvself with 

 observing that the genus Piiuis is probably entitled 

 to wonder and admiration beyond all others ; and 

 that at no distant period, we ma}' see tiie Abies (Ce- 

 drus) deodara, the Abies douglasii. and others of si- 

 milar grandeur, naturalised and flourishin<j amon<T 

 the Cedars of Lebanon, in our British forests.'" 

 Correspondence of John, Fourth Duke of Bedford, 

 with an Introduction by Lord John Russvll, kol. 1, 

 Introduction, pp. liii — Ivi. 



The Or.a.nge Tree. — The following analysis of 

 the ashes of the Orange tree, taken from the report 

 in the London Literary Gazette, of the meeting of 

 the Chemical Society on the fifth April, l'^47, may 

 possibly be interesting to some of vour readers : — 

 "Analysis of the ashes of the Orange tree (Citrus 

 aurantitim,") by Messrs. T. H Rownev, ."»nd H. 

 How. The materials employed in this examination 

 were supplied by M. Da Camera, of the island of 



