DOMESTIC NOTICES. 



435 



old trees — slips from younjj ones, or is it necessary 

 to cut tlicm from the current 3-ear's pfrowth of bear- 

 ing trees ? What is ihe aft it treatment, and how 

 soon will they befit to tninsplant? (b.) 



4th. How is Quince-seed cleaned ; and what is 

 the best method of preservinfr that, and the other 

 leading fruit seeds, durinjr the winter? (c.) 



5th. Where a nursery soil has a tendenry to 

 " bake," is it not better to plant these seeds in the 

 spring, rather ttian in the autumn? ('/.) 



6th. What are nine of the most profitable ap- 

 ples for MARKET culture — three each, for the sum- 

 mer, autumn and winter seasons, and having in view 

 hardiness, vigor, and productiveness ? 



7th. Do. of pears ? 



8th. Do. of plums, early, medium, late? 



9th. Do. of cherries, early, medium, late ? 



lOth. Do. peaches, early, medhim, late? 



I will not trespass further at present, but sub- 

 scribe myself, respectfully thine. J. F. East 

 Fallowfield, Chester co., Pa., Feb. 10, 1848. 



Answer. — (a.) The advantage of splice graft- 

 ing over the cleft mode, is greater certainty of suc- 

 cess, since the parts of the stock and scion are 

 brought more perfectly into contact. This is much 

 more apparent in grafting aiore grounrf than 6e/ow. 

 Indeed, many persons dispense altogether with 

 grafting-wax or clay, when the graft is buried be- 

 low the surface, though it must be confessed that, if 

 the season is dry. the grafts often fail without it. 



(6.) Quinces are usually raised from seed, and 

 from cuttings. The apple and pear quince usually 

 produce the same from seed, and perhaps the most 

 vigorous and long lived plants are raised in this 

 way. Cuttings may be made of the previous sea- 

 son's wood, whenever thrifty, healthy shoots can 

 be found. Those taken from upright shoots of the 

 luxuriant yoiina trees, will make the healthiest and 

 best plants. Plant the cuttings in the spring, in a 

 cool, shady, north border, where they will soon 

 strike root, and be ready to transplant the next 

 spring. Cut out the buds that go below the sur- 

 face, as shown in our work on Fruits, p. 27. 



(c.) Quince seed is cleaned by allowing the mass 

 of pulp or cores, first to lie for several days togeth- 

 er, till it becomes soft, then rubbing it in water and 

 passing the pulpy part throuirh a sieve, leaving the 

 seeds behind. The best mode of preserving that 

 and other fruit seeds through the winter, is in shal- 

 low boxes of damp sand, placed in a cool cellar. 



(d.) Clayey soil, that is liable to '■ bake," is 

 hardly suitable for raising seedlings, without a plen- 

 tiful admixture of sand in the soil of the seed beds. 

 If a compost of peat and ashes is used for enriching 

 such soil, it will prove better than common manure, 

 produce less weeds, and keeps the soil light. When 

 seeds are planted in the open seedbeds in autumn, 

 the beds should be covered during winter, with 

 leaves, straw or peat, to prevent the seeds being 

 thrown out by the frost. Spring planting enables 

 you to avoid this, but it requires as mncli or more 

 care to jirepare and plant the seeds in boxes, so 

 that the latter, though by far the most certain mode, 

 is only employed by cultivators generally, for the 

 more select kinds of the seeds. 



(d ) It is exceedingly dilTicult to give such lists. 

 Every state, almost every district, has peculiarities 



of soil and climate, which make particular sorts val- 

 uable there, that are only considered second rate in 

 other localities. Still we will endeavor, knowing 

 something of Chester co. Pa., to s'lve selections of 



a few PROFITABLE .MARKET FRUITS. aS folloWS : 



1st. Selection of apples. — Early Harvest, Large 

 Yellow Bough, William's Favorite, (summer ;) Por- 

 ter, Gravenstein, Holla' d Pippin, (autumn;) Rhodo 

 Island Greening, Yellow liclle-flower, Roxbury 

 Russet, (winter.) 



2d. Selection of Pears. — Bartlett, Dearborn's 

 seedling, Andrews, (early ;) Washington, Heath- 

 cot, Louise Bonne of Jersey, (medium ;) ^'an Mon's 

 Leon le Clerc, Vicar of Winkfield, D'Aremberg, 

 (late.) 



3d. Selection of Plums. — Cherry, True Peach. 

 Prince's Yellow Gage, (earlj- ;) Jefferson, Smith's 

 Orleans, Lombard, (medium ;) Coe's Golden Drop, 

 Autumn gajp, Coe's Late Red. (late.) 



4th. Selection of Cherries. — Baumann's May, 

 May Duke, Black Tartarian, (early;) Downion, 

 Bigarreau, Black Eagle, (medium;) Downer's late, 

 Plumstone Morello, Sweet Moutmorency, (laie.) 



5th. Selection of Peaches. — True Earl\- York, 

 Crawford's Early, Yellow Rareripe, (early;) 

 George IV. Bellegarde, Morris' Red Rareripe, 

 (medium ;) Crawford's Late, Rodman's Cling, 

 Heath Cling, (late.) 



Extreme Cold Day at the North. — Dear Sir; 

 Thus far thi.s winter, we have had very little snow, 

 with unusually mild weather, except on the morn- 

 ing of the 1 ith January, when our thermometers 

 ranged from 21 to 24 degrees below zero. Of course, 

 the fruit buds of the peach, apricot, and other ten- 

 der fruits, are killed. To show that severe cold is 

 the cause of the injury, I have examined (since the 

 hard frost) some branches, trimmed from .'lur peach 

 trees about the middle of November, and lying un- 

 der the trees, the buds of which were sound, having 

 been protected by about lour inches of snow — the 

 buds on the trees from which they were cut are all 

 dead. Our nurserymen complain that their Peach 

 plum and Columbia plum trees are badly frost-bit- 

 ten ; also some kinds of pear — hartlett, Columbia, 

 Hericart, Sfc. One of them tells me that his oldest 

 plantation of jiears, which do not receive the szin in 

 winter till after the middle of the day, have never 

 been frost-biiten. while those in his newer planta- 

 tion, which have the morning sun. were much in- 

 jured last winter as well as this. He thinks sudden 

 thawing is the cause of the blight in his trees. 

 Yours truly, Charles H. Tomlinson. Schenectady, 

 2lst January, I84S. 



[See a very interesting article, by Mr. Bartlett, 

 in our last vol. (p. 549) on the elFccts of low tempe- 

 rature on vegetation. Mr. B. states that the blos- 

 som buds of the peach are killed when the mercury 

 in Fahrenheit's thermometer falls to 14° below zero. 

 —Ed.] 



Ohio Nurserymen and Fruit Growers' Con- 

 vention. — We have received an interesting pamph- 

 let, of 4ii pages, illustrated with several outlines of 

 fruits, being the proceedings of the convention, held 

 at Columbus, O.. last September, and now just pub- 

 lished. We shall notice it more (ully in our next. 



