276 ON THE MOORE PARK BORINGS, 



difference. Mr. Coghlan believes that tlie bore at Port Hacking 

 was over wliat he calls a large " crab-hole," originally a cavity 

 which had gradually been silted up with a conglomerate material. 

 But it is much more probable that the bore at Moore Park is over 

 the rise, and the bore at Port Hacking over the depression of an 

 undulation, such as supposed to exist in our coal beds. 



The Estheria shell is nothing new to science, but its discovery 

 is quite new to our Australian Fauna. Specimens of a fossil 

 certainly have been found among the many valuable specimens 

 in the collection of the late Eev. W. B. Clarke, which in all 

 probability will turn out to be an Estheria, discovered at the 

 brickworks near Botany, but they were never described by him as 

 such, and are still so indistinct as to be doubtful in their character, 

 at any rate, they are not this species, as they are much larger. I 

 claim it therefore, as a new species, and call it ^^Estheria Coghlani.''^ 

 I have called this JEstheria a shell, but in reality, though extremely 

 like a bivalve, it is not one. So like however is it to a bivalve 

 that any one might readily be excused for mistaking it for one. 

 A good figure of it is given in '' Ly ell's Elements of Geology," 

 figures 490, page 450. These bivalve-like fossils are in reality 

 the remains of fossil Entomostraca, of which Mtheria is one of the 

 genera. Lyell states that in the Trias beds of the United States 

 two species of the Estheria are in such profusion in some shaly 

 beds as to divide them like the plates of mica in micaceous shales ; 

 that these same Yii-ginian coal measures are composed of grit, 

 sandstone, and shell, exactly resembling those of older date in 

 America and Europe ; and they rival, or even surpass them in 

 the richness and thickness of the seams, one of which is in som.e 

 places from 30 to 40 feet in thickness, composed of pure bituminous 

 coal. According to the monograph of the fossil Esthonia, published 

 by the Paleeoutographical Society of London in 1862, by T. 

 Eupert Jones, E.Gr.S., there were up to that date fourteen sj)ecies 

 of fossil Estheria known and described — one in the Tertiary 

 formations, one, and a distinct variety of the same, in the 



