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our soutliern shores -svliich stray into tlie northern seas. Some 

 undoubtedly grow larger, sucli as Acmcia marmorata; others are 

 dwarfed and stunted in their growth, such as Littorina pyramidata; 

 while others, such as Acmcea septiformis, are not affected at all by 

 heat. 'I do not pretend to solve the problem presented by these 

 shells, but I am quite convinced that our latest pliocene or post- 

 pliocene deposits contain shells of larger size than those which 

 occur on our coasts now. I did not find any species in the 

 deposits which I could not also find on the shores, but the converse 

 of this did not hold good. There were a good many shells on 

 the beach which were not to be found as fossils, though they may, 

 of course, have existed in pliocene times. They were rock species, 

 and we could not expect to find them in these sandy beds. 



By these fossils a start was made in classification. Here, at 

 any rate, was one series of deposits that were of latest tertiary 

 age. They were lying conformably on the older limestones with 

 nothing in common with them — not even one shell, as far as I 

 could discover. I may mention here the difficulty I experienced 

 in naming the ordinary mollusca, except as to genera. If this 

 was a difficulty with the recent beds how much more so was it 

 with those of an older origin. Professor Busk named a few of 

 the Bryozoa, while Professor Rupert Jones, of the Military College 

 at Sandhurst, rendered me constant assistance. Professor P. 

 Martin Duncan described a good many of the corals. By these 

 aids much information was collected, though I hardly attempted 

 to definitely name any of the horizons. I thought I could leave 

 that and the determination of species to a more advanced state of 

 knowledge than we possessed, and so, in 1863, 1 published my first 

 work on the Tertiary Geology of Australia. I did not attempt 

 to name any species, which is a matter of regret to me now. I 

 expected aid from European men of Science, which never came. 

 In 1865 Mr. George French Angas published in the 'Proceedings 

 of the Zoological Society of London ' a list of the South Australian 

 Marine Mollusca, and described many new species. This did not 



