56 THE PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN 30CIETT 



Linnseas {Lit. vulgaris of Sowerby's Genera of shells). This 

 division of M. de Ferussac was not well understood, nor was it 

 generally adopted. M. de Blainville (in bis Hist Nat. de Vers 

 testacees, Paris, 1822, vol. I, p. 347), made another distribution of 

 the species indicated by his predecessor which he regarded as a 

 section of his large genus Tarho. Latreille subsequently in 

 his work on the animal kingdom {Families du Begne Animal, 

 Paris, 8vo, 1825), only cites this genus and the relations given by 

 its author, but ignores it in his classification. Although G. Cavier 

 was very slow in adopting new genera, nevertheless he adopted 

 that of Littorina in the second edition of his Animal Kingdom 

 {Regne Animal par G. Baron Guvier, 10 vols., Paris, 1828). But 

 in doino- this he hardly can be said to have understood the 

 relations of the animals, for he placed the genus following the 

 fresh-water genus Paludina and next to Monodo'nta. I am quoting 

 Deshayes on this matter, who adds (Hist. Nat. des Animaux s. 

 vertehres, 2 edit, par Deshayes and M. Edwards, vol. IX, p. 200, 

 note), "Unfortunately when Ciivier published the second edition 

 of this work science was not in possession of facts sufficiently 

 numerous or well enough established on the general relations of 

 Linnaeus' laro-e genera of TurTjo and Trochus, to decide on all the 

 classification of those divisions which had been rightly or wrongly 

 made. It is equally true that Lamarck allowing himself to be 

 cruided by his extensive knowledge of the characters of shells 

 was much more happy in the classification of these genera than 

 the most part of other zoologists or than G. Cuvier himself." 

 M. Deshayes then goes on to indicate the changes that were 

 necessary in the classification of Lamarck, arising from the 

 observations which he (M. Deshayes) had made upon molluscous 

 animals. He then adds (page 201, note) " In this matter for the 

 crenus with which we are now occupied, we have observed that 

 the animal has characters which easily distinguish it from all 

 known species, and which, while it removes them further from 

 either the Turbo or the Trochus genus, places them closer to 

 Scalaridoe. Thus the animal of Littorina crawls upon a small 

 foot with thin edges, oval or sub-circular, and almost entirely 



