58 THE PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 



with lateral and siibmarginal nucleus. Shell turbinate, not 

 nacreous, thick, solid, oval, or globular ; aperture entire, slightly 

 oblique to the longitudinal axis, angular at the summit ; 

 columella large, curved or almost straight, without inner lip, 

 and, as it were, denuded, and almost trenchant at its internal 

 edge. 



He adds that the Littorince, as their name indicates, live almost 

 always on the rocks which fringe the shore. They are almost 

 always out of water, but they are placed so as to receive the surf 

 which breaks over the rocks. They seem capable of resisting in 

 their exposed position the burning heat of the sun, the torrents 

 of fresh water from rivers, or the fury of the waves which break 

 upon the rocks. I may add from my own observation that they 

 are estuary shells, and flourish in brackish or almost fresh water. 

 M. Deshayes remarks that two species of Lamarck's Monodonta, 

 M. pagodus (Indian Ocean), and M. papillosa (Timor), should 

 both be removed to Littorina ; also a few of the species of 

 Lamarck's Phasianella. With regard to the M. pagodus, which 

 was brought to Europe from Capt. Beechey's voyage, Mr. E. Gray 

 made it the type of a new genus, Pagodus. The animal, 

 however, as well as the operculum, are those of a true Littorina. 

 M. Deshayes also removed into this genus three fossils of the 

 Paris basin which he had formerly described as Phasianella, viz., 

 P. tricostata, muUisulcata, and melanoides. He was of opinion 

 also that some of the secondary fossils regarded as Turho and 

 Trochus should be considered as Littorina, notably T. ornatus and 

 carinatus of Sowerby's Mineral GoncJiology, p. 240. 



To these particulars of Deshayes may be added the following 

 facts : The odontophore or lingual ribbon is long and narrow 

 in the case of the Australian species, and I believe I have 

 observed that it is a tube. The greater part is rolled up in a 

 spiral coil at the back of the mouth. It has three simple teeth 

 at each side of the central tooth, which is small. The lateral 

 ones are long, curved, and the two outer ones being tricuspid 

 and the four inner ones bicuspid. The teeth, as well as the 



