156 



Annals of the South African Mnscwit. 



separated l^y the prevomers, which are here, however, anchylosed 

 The palatines practically meet in the middle line, so that the 

 Therocephalian type is somewhat modilied. 



Ehopalodon and Deuterosaurus are very imperfectly known, but 

 in a number of respects they show affinities with the typical Thero- 

 cephalians, and it is not improbable that they are aberrant modifica- 

 tions of the same type. 



Excluding, however, for the present the genera Gorgonops, 

 Ehopalodon, and Deuterosaurus, whose affinities are doubtful, the 

 following may be given as the general characters of the Therocephalia 

 in contradistinction to those of the Theriodontia : — 



THEllOC'iPHALIA. 



Canines 1, 2, or 3 ; molars 



simple. 

 Palate, a modification of the 



Ehynchocephalian type ; often 



bearing teeth. 

 Quadrate well developed. 

 Occiput with single condyle ? 

 Pineal foramen large. 

 Angular and surangular large, 



forming large part of lower 



jaw. 

 Scapula without distinct acromion. 

 Precoracoid foramen entirely in 



precoracoid bone (Ictido- 



suchus). 



Theriodontia. 

 Canines single (rarely 2 ?) molars 



usually cuspid. 

 A secondary palate formed as in 



Mammals. 



(Quadrate rudimentary. 

 Occiput with two condyles. 

 Pineal foramen small or absent. 

 Angular and surangular small 



— lower jaw formed almost 



entirely by dentary. 

 Scapula with an acromion. 

 Precoracoid foramen between the 



scapula and precoracoid 



(Cynognathus). 



The position of a number of Owen's genera must for the present 

 remain uncertain. Cynosuchus, Cynochampsa, and Tigrisuchus are 

 only known by very fragmentary remains, but they not improbably 

 belong to the Therocephalia. Lycosaurus, according to Seeley (6), 

 has a typically Theriodont palate, and thus probably belongs to the 

 Theriodontia, and Cynodraco may also belong to the higher order, 

 but until further remains are discovered it will be impossible to 

 decide definitely. 



