352 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Nothing further has been known about Propappus until a year 

 ago, when Mr. A. J. Louw, Vice-principal of the Graaff Eeinet 

 College, discovered on the farm Welgevonden, 12 miles north of 

 Graaff Eeinet, the greater part of a large skeleton, which on exami- 

 nation proved to belong to Propappus, and which enables us to show 

 that it is a genus, though closely allied to, yet distinct from, Pareia- 

 saurns. The specimen was found lying on a bank of weathered 

 shale, where it must have been exposed for many years. Most of 

 the anterior half of the animal was gone, though many fragments 

 were found scattered further down the slope, but the greater part of 

 the hind half was still in sitn, though some parts were badly 

 weathered. When the fragments were fitted together it was found 

 that there was some evidence of most parts of the skeleton. 



The head is very imperfect, being represented only by a large 

 portion of the right mandible, a fragment of the maxilla, portions of 

 the palate, and a few other fragmentary remains. Of the vertebral 

 column there is a series of 6 well-preserved dorsals and a number 

 of other less perfect presacral vertebrse and a series of 6 caudals. 

 The anterior limbs are represented by parts of the shoulder girdle, a 

 fairly well preserved humerus, and portions of the radius and ulna. 

 The pelvis is badly weathered, but much of it is preserved. Both 

 hind limbs are nearly perfect. The most remarkable feature of the 

 specimen is the presence of large numbers of dermal ossicles, with 

 which the back must have been covered. A number of ribs are 

 preserved, showing the large dermal bones attached to their outer 

 sides. 



Skull. 



The fragment of maxilla is a portion about 10 cm. in length, and 

 containing the bases of 11 teeth, and the crowns of 3 immature 

 replacing teeth. In general the fragment is fairly like the corre- 

 sponding part of Pareiasaurus, but probably the head was less flat 

 in Propappus. The roots of the first 3 teeth preserved, which are 

 probably 2nd, 3rd, and 4th of the maxillary series, measure together 

 29 mm. The first measures 8 mm. by 7*5 mm. Behind the 3rd tooth 

 there is a short gap, followed by 4 other teeth. These 4 measure 

 45 mm. The roots of the teeth are embedded in cancellous bony 

 tissue, from which it is difficult to be sure that the tooth-roots are 

 quite free. The crowns of the 3 immature teeth are fairly well pre- 

 served. The 1st of these, which lies behind the 2nd preserved 

 mature tooth, has a flattened semicircular crown with 11 cusps 

 round the top and sides. The whole length of the crown is 14 mm.. 



