Tlie Stone Ages of Soiith Africa. 19 



Many of the houchers of the Stellenhosch type retain also on one 

 side tlie primitive cleavage with very little paring ; but this is not 

 restricted to that type only. 



Orange Eiver Type. — ^If we were to consider only the palaeolithic 

 industry of the southern districts of Cape Colony its homogeneous 

 form would certainly stand as absolutely typical, but proceeding 

 northward we find that in the so-called "Karroo" parts of Cape 

 Colony the paljcoliths are made of dolerite, oftener of shale indurated 

 by the intrusion of dolerite, or of a hard chert band occurring at the 

 top of the Dwyka shales. There also the " knapper " has, where 

 possible, made use of large pebbles or boulders rounded either by 

 water or other natural causes. These implements are rude, and 

 often extremely primitive. 



In the best examples the flaking, either through imperfect know- 

 ledge of the craft, possibly also owing to the texture or composition 

 of the material used, is irregular : one of the faces is often hollowed 

 or very concave ; the surface of the rock from which it was detached 

 is often, and the rounded part of the boulder occasionally, retained. 

 Further discoveries may reveal implements of a finer finish ; hitherto 

 only three " stations," two in the Ceres and the other in the 

 Cradock District of Cape Colony, have been found. The work- 

 manship, although akin still to that of the Stellenhosch, merges, 

 however, into the type that one meets with in the valleys of the 

 Orange, Hartz, Vaal, Limpopo Elvers and their affluents, as well as 

 in the Eastern Provinces of the Cape Colony, and which I propose 

 to call the Orange Eiver type. 



When we reach the Griqualand West District or its immediate 

 vicinity, especially Prieska and Kenhardt, the difference between 

 the above-mentioned Karroo forms and those occurring there is in 

 some cases extreme. These palseoliths are mostly made of banded 

 jasper, brown or yellow, and occasionally white with bluish veins — 

 an extremely hard material which, owing to the banding, splits or 

 flakes into small facets seemingly more readily than quartzite. The 

 implements thus produced rival the best Acheulean flints in finish 

 (Figs. 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 48, 49, &c.). They do not usually 

 attain the great size and heavy weight of many of the Stellenbosch- 

 type examples, yet the Museum possesses one 255 mm. long, 106 mm. 

 broad, but only 40 mm. in thickness, found near Griqua Town. At 

 Griqua Town also was found the boucher (Fig. 35), which is made, 

 however, of semi-translucent chert. In some examples a part of the 

 natural banding is retained (Figs. 37rt, 39«); others exhibit the trans- 

 verse fracture of the point (Figs. 36, 40) ; on one face of Fig. 41 



