26 Annah of the SoiitJi African Museum. 



&c. Only large boulders would be selected for the first stage of an 

 implement like that of Fig. 20a, and such large fragmented ones are 

 not uncommon. 



One that I remember especially, because it was of such a great- 

 weight that I could not carry it with me, was oblong, 450 mm. in 

 length, and clean cleft longitudinally. 



In the same manner as the sharp-pointed bouchers so would the 

 cleaving implements be produced, only that they would in all likeli- 

 hood be fashioned more easily. Both faces need not be knapped to 

 procure a serviceable weapon in the shape of an eti'ective cleaver. 

 From the detaching blow there has resulted a smooth, slanting shape 

 on one side (Figs. 47, 50, 53, 57), while the other face had to be 

 similarly treated to obtain a corresponding slanting side in order ta 

 make the cleaver effective. Sometimes the natural face is retained 

 (Fig. 51). It would seem at first sight that a cleaver could be more 

 easily produced than an amygdaloidal hand pick, and it probably 

 was. Yet Figs. 48, 49, 56, &c., denote a great deal of skill in the 

 making. They are worked on both sides, and so are Figs. 33 and 34 — 

 the first from Stellenbosch, the second from Ehodesia. Perhaps they 

 were intended both for cleaving and digging, but as cleavers they 

 would certainly prove less serviceable than Figs. 47, 53, and 57, 

 which have undoubtedly been produced with less skill. The ex- 

 planation is that the cleaving propensity is due, as in the case of 

 the digging-tools, to the preliminary trimming on which the shape 

 depended. It could not be corrected without much trouble or dex- 

 terity of hand. It must be also remembered that these cleaving tools 

 are few in proportion to the number of digging bouchers. One would 

 expect that, this mode of manufacture being the easier, the propor- 

 tion would be reversed, and also that the style or type would be older 

 were it not that the Mousterian (and most of the axes are Mousterian 

 in type) has in the palaearctic regions been preceded by the Acheuloan 

 and the latter by the Chellean. It does not follow, however, that 

 such has been the case in South Africa, but the comparative 

 scarcity of these cleaving-, in contradistinction to the digging-tools,, 

 is worth noticing. 



The Tools used for Manufactuking the Bouchers. 



When the large palaeoliths are made from a rounded boulder or large 

 pebble, water- worn or otherwise, it is probable that a boulder of the 

 same size, or perhaps heavier, was hurled against the one which it was- 

 intended to split in order to obtain by concussion the preliminary frag- 



