30 Aniiah of the South African Mnscuin. 



One thing, however, is noticeable in these wedge-shaped tools, 

 namely, that with extremely few exceptions, resulting from the 

 mode of cleavage, the most bulging part, as shown in the profile of 

 the figures here given, is the centre. Had these been hafted, a 

 forcible impact would undoubtedly tend to dislodge them from the 

 socket. 



Another reason for assuming that the bouchers worked round the 

 butt in a tongue-, or amygdaloidal-shape, were not hafted is that 

 the edges are too sinuous to produce a clean cut (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 

 4, 11, 29). 



2. The bouchers in which the original rounded part of the boulder 

 has been retained (Figs. 5 and 22), might have been used as hafted 

 club-heads, the sharp end being inserted in a handle. But had this 

 been done, this rounded part would show traces of abrasion. So far, 

 however, only one such boucher from among the many which I 

 examined has shown traces of wear at the rounded part, as if it had 

 been used for pounding or smashing a hard object. Moreover, in 

 many of the examples of tliis type, the sharply pointed apex shows 

 signs of retrimming, and this leads me to conchide that the sharp 

 end and not the butt was used. 



That the same occurred also in the case of the tongue-, or 

 amygdaloidal-shaped bouchers is proved by Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, in 

 which the transversely broken part would need fresh trimming to 

 become serviceable again. Had they been hafted, that is to say 

 had the sharp point been inserted first into a socket, the fracture 

 would not have taken place where it did from the force of a blow, 

 but more towards the middle, as happens for the Solutrian type 

 lance-, or javelin-heads, of the Cape Flats (Figs. 110, 112, No. 1, 

 2, 3, 5, PI. XIV.). The bouchers truncated in this manner thus 

 give the impression that they broke at their weakest point while 

 being used as picking or digging tools. 



Figs. 5 and 6, PL I., represent hand-picks in which the rounded 

 part of the nucleus has been retained as best suited for hold- 

 ing in the hand. It is wonderful how, even in an inexperienced 

 hand, adaptation to this primitive instrument is demonstrable. 

 Fig. 9 is that of an implement of the same type, but with a much 

 broader end, specially suited for spade-work. It is too large, how- 

 ever, and too heavy (it weighs over 5 lbs.), not to have necessitated 

 the use of both hands in using it. The same may be said of Fig. 20, 

 the point of which shows very distinctly that in spite of its weight 

 (9 lbs. 3 oz.) and size (33 cm. long by nearly 16 broad), it has been 

 used as a digging instrument. Fig. 10 is especially instructive ; no 



