36 Annals of the South African Museum. 



knives are produced. Figs. 86 to 92, PI. XI., give a general aspect 

 of tiieir shape. Figs. 87 and 88 are tools proved to have been used 

 for facetting and edge-trimming by the situation in which they were 

 discovered. Made of ferruginous banded jasper, Fig. 89 was found 

 together with highly finished bouchers and flakes of the banded 

 jasper of the Griqua sub-type, and so are others which, made of 

 different rock, have the same general appearance. 



The Tyumi Deposit. — Fig. 87 deserves more than a passing 

 mention. It was found with three of four similar ones embedded 

 deeply in the banks of the river Tyumi, in the Victoria East 

 District, Cape Colony.* 



With it was found a number of implements made of the same 

 material (banded jasper), among which a long, oblong pick of the 

 style of Fig. 43, but narrower, as well as pieces of the most finished 

 Acheulean type I have as yet met with here (Figs. 76, 77, 85). 



There were also knife-scrapers (Cut 4 of Fig. 131), nearly as 

 well finished as the implements not uncommonly found in the 

 neighbourhood of Cape Town. Others were of the type and size of 

 those of Fig. 105 (from Nooitgedacht), one, especially, being almost 

 the replica of Cut 7. There were also found lydianite scrapers, 

 one of which (Fig. 124) shows the same workmanship as the bottle- 

 glass example (Fig. 129, PI. XVI.). 



No other conclusion can be come to than that all these implements, 

 bouchers, flakers, scrapers, rude or well finished, uniting as they do 

 most of the forms met with in South Africa, except the typically 

 crude, large bouchers of the Chellean type, are coeval, and that 

 they have been manufactured by the same people. 



They are also evidence of an advance in culture, especially in so 

 far as the digging tools are concerned ; but it must not be forgotten 

 that equally finished ones made of a less easily worked material are 

 also known from deposits that are undoubtedly older (c/. Figs. 1, 2, 

 4, &c.). At any rate, it is proved in this case that the makers of the 

 bouchers did at the same time manufacture implements superior in 

 technique to the mere scraper-knife. 



But no flaking tool having some resemblance to Figs. 91, 92, 97 

 PI. XII., was discovered in this Tyumi Eiver deposit. 



These laminate, more or less lanceolate tools, which probably 

 served also, at a push, as knives or scrapers, in spite of their irregu- 

 larly dented edges, are met with lying on the surface or under a 

 depth of soil; they are found solitary, but oftener than not they 



* This deposit was discovered by Mr. A. Johns, who presented several examples 

 to the ]\tuseum. The district is perhaps better known as " Alice." 



